Laterally supported filaments
Protective clothing and/or equipment may comprise an impact mitigation layer which comprises a plurality of impact mitigation assemblies positioned between an exterior surface and an interior surface. The plurality of impact mitigation assemblies may comprise an impact absorbing array of impact mitigation structures having at least one filament and a lateral support wall or connecting element. When force is applied to the exterior surface, the structures of the impact absorbing materials deform in a desired and controlled manner, reducing the force received by the interior surface.
1. An impact mitigation layer comprising:
a first plurality of laterally supported filament (LSF) structures, each of the first plurality of LSF structures comprises a first plurality of filaments and a first plurality of flat, planar walls arranged into a first polygonal cross-sectional shape with a filament of the first plurality of filaments positioned at each vertex of the first polygonal cross-sectional shape, each of the first plurality of LSF structures further comprises a first end, a second end and a first cover, wherein the first cover of each of the first plurality of LSF structures completely covers the first end of the respective LSF structure; and
a second plurality of laterally supported filament (LSF) structures, the second plurality of LSF structures interspersed among the first plurality of LSF structures, each of the second plurality of LSF structures comprises a second plurality of filaments and a second plurality of flat, planar walls arranged into a second polygonal cross-sectional shape with a filament of the second plurality of filaments positioned at each vertex of the second polygonal cross-sectional shape, each of the second plurality of LSF structures further comprises a first end, a second end and a second cover, wherein the second cover of each of the second plurality of LSF structures includes an opening and covers the first end of the respective LSF structure;
wherein the opening in each second cover is configured to receive a coupling attachment to couple each of the second plurality of LSF structures to a structure; and
wherein each filament of the first plurality of filaments is formed as a straight filament having a constant cross-section extending from a first filament end to a second filament end, and each filament of the second plurality of filaments is formed as a straight filament having a constant cross-section extending from a third filament end to a fourth filament end.
2. The impact mitigation layer of claim 1 , wherein the first polygonal cross-sectional shape and the second polygonal cross-sectional shape comprise different polygonal cross-sectional shapes.
3. The impact mitigation layer of claim 1 , wherein the first and second polygonal cross-sectional shape comprises a regular polygon.
4. The impact mitigation layer of claim 3 , wherein the regular polygon comprises a square or a hexagon.
5. The impact mitigation layer of claim 3 , wherein the regular polygon comprises at least one of a square and a hexagon.
6. The impact mitigation layer of claim 1 , wherein the impact mitigation layer further comprises a facesheet, the facesheet coupled to the second end of each of the first plurality of LSF structures and each of the second end of the second plurality of LSF structures.
7. The impact mitigation layer of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of LSF structures comprises a first plurality of filaments with a first aspect ratio and the second plurality of LSF structures comprises a second plurality of filaments with a second aspect ratio.
8. The impact mitigation layer of claim 7 , wherein the first aspect ratio is different than the second aspect ratio.
9. The impact mitigation layer of claim 7 , wherein the first aspect ratio and the second aspect ratio comprises at least a 3:1 aspect ratio.
10. The impact mitigation layer of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of LSF structures or second plurality of LSF structures are frustum shaped.
11. The impact mitigation layer of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of LSF structures are spaced apart from the second plurality of laterally supported filament (LSF) structures.
12. The impact mitigation layer of claim 1 , wherein each filament of the first plurality of filaments has a first diameter and each filament of the second plurality of filaments has a second diameter different than the first diameter.
13. The impact mitigation layer of claim 1 , wherein each wall of the first plurality of flat, planar walls has a first width between adjacent filaments of the first plurality of filaments, and each wall of the second plurality of flat, planar walls has a second width between adjacent filaments of the second plurality of filaments, the first width being different than the second width.
14. The impact mitigation layer of claim 1 , wherein each filament of the first plurality of filaments has a first filament height, and each wall of the first plurality of flat, planar walls extends along the first filament height, and each wall of the first plurality of flat, planar walls has having a generally constant thickness from a top surface to a bottom surface of each of the first plurality of flat, planar walls.
15. The impact mitigation layer of claim 1 , wherein each wall of the first plurality of flat, planar walls has a first height and each wall of the second plurality of flat, planar walls has a second height, wherein the first height is different than the second height.
16. The impact mitigation layer of claim 6 , wherein each filament of the first plurality of filaments is attached to the facesheet at a filament base.
17. An impact mitigation layer comprising:
a plurality of impact mitigation pads, each of the plurality of impact mitigation pads comprises a facesheet and a plurality of laterally supported filament (LSF) structures,
each of the plurality of LSF structures comprises a plurality of filaments and a plurality of flat, planar walls, the plurality of filaments is spaced apart and arranged into a polygonal shape with a filament of the plurality of filaments positioned at each vertex of the polygonal shape, the plurality of flat, planar walls extend between the plurality of filaments to create a closed polygonal shape, each of the plurality of LSF structures further include a first end and a second end,
at least a portion of the plurality of LSF structures comprises at least one opening disposed at the first end, and the second end of each of the plurality of LSF structures is coupled to the facesheet; and
wherein the at least one opening of the at least a portion of the plurality of LSF structures is configured to receive a coupling attachment to couple the at least a portion of the plurality of LSF structures to a structure; and
wherein each filament of the plurality of filaments is formed as a straight filament having a constant cross-section extending from a first filament end to a second filament end.
18. The impact mitigation layer of claim 17 , wherein the polygonal shape comprises a regular polygon.
19. The impact mitigation layer of claim 18 , wherein the regular polygon comprises a square or a hexagon.
20. The impact mitigation layer of claim 18 , wherein the regular polygon comprises a square and a hexagon.
21. The impact mitigation layer of claim 17 , wherein each of the plurality of filaments comprises at least a 3 to 1 aspect ratio.
22. The impact mitigation layer of claim 17 , wherein each of the plurality of filaments having a width, each of the plurality flat, planar walls having a width, the width of each of the plurality of filaments is larger than the width of each of the plurality of flat, planar walls.
23. The impact mitigation layer of claim 17 , wherein each of the plurality of filaments comprises a circular cross-section.
24. The impact mitigation layer of claim 23 , wherein the circular cross-section is solid.
25. The impact mitigation layer of claim 17 , wherein the plurality of laterally supported filament (LSF) structures comprise a frustum shape.