Color display device including multiple pixels for driving three-particle electrophoretic media
The present invention provides a solution for a highlight or multicolor display device, in which each display cell can display high quality color states. More specifically, an electrophoretic fluid is provided which comprises three types of pigment particles, having different levels of size, threshold voltage or charge intensity.
1. A display layer having a first viewing surface and a second surface on the opposed side of the display layer from the first surface, the display layer comprising a common electrode adjacent the first surface and a plurality of pixel electrodes adjacent the second surface, the pixel electrodes defining pixels of the display layer,
the display layer further comprising a first composition of electrophoretic fluid disposed between the common electrode and a first pixel electrode and a second composition of electrophoretic fluid disposed between the common electrode and a second pixel electrode, wherein the first composition of electrophoretic fluid and the second composition of electrophoretic fluid are physically separated from each other,
the first composition of electrophoretic fluid comprising a solvent and first, second, and third types of particles dispersed in the solvent, the second composition of electrophoretic fluid comprising a solvent and first, second, and fourth types of particles dispersed in the solvent, the first, second, third, and fourth types of particles having respectively first, second, third, and fourth colors differing from one another,
the first type of particles having a charge of one polarity, and the second, third, and fourth types of particles having charges of the opposite polarity, wherein
(a) application of a first potential between the common electrode and the first pixel electrode or the second pixel electrode causes an associated pixel to display a second optical characteristic at the first surface;
(b) application of a second potential between the common electrode and the first pixel electrode or the second pixel electrode causes the associated pixel to display a first optical characteristic at the first surface;
(c) once the first optical characteristic is displayed at the first surface, application of a third potential to the first composition between the common electrode and the first pixel electrode, wherein the third potential has the same polarity as the second potential but a smaller magnitude than the second potential, causes the associated pixel to display a third optical characteristic at the first surface; and
(d) once the first optical characteristic is displayed at the first surface, application of the third potential to the second composition between the common electrode and the second pixel electrode causes the associated pixel to display a fourth optical characteristic at the first surface.
2. The display layer of claim 1 , wherein the first and second types of particles are colored white and black.
3. The display layer of claim 1 , wherein the third and fourth types of particles are non-white and non-black in color.
4. The display layer of claim 3 , wherein the third and fourth types of particles have colors selected from the group consisting of red, green, blue, magenta, yellow and cyan.
5. The display layer of claim 1 , wherein the first composition of electrophoretic fluid and the second composition of electrophoretic fluid are held within different display cells.
6. The display layer of claim 5 , wherein the display cell holding the first composition of electrophoretic fluid is aligned with the first pixel electrode and the display cell holding the second composition of electrophoretic fluid is aligned with the second pixel electrode.
7. The display layer of claim 1 , further comprising a third composition of electrophoretic fluid disposed between the common electrode and a third pixel, the third composition of electrophoretic fluid comprising a solvent and first, second, and fifth types of particles dispersed in the solvent, wherein the fifth type of particles has a color different from the first, second, third, and fourth types of particles, and wherein the third composition of electrophoretic fluid is physically separated from the first composition of electrophoretic fluid and the second composition of electrophoretic fluid.
8. The display layer of claim 7 , wherein the first composition of electrophoretic fluid, the second composition of electrophoretic fluid, and the third composition of electrophoretic fluid are each held within different display cells.
9. The display layer of claim 8 , wherein the display cell holding the first composition of electrophoretic fluid is aligned with the first pixel electrode, the display cell holding the second composition of electrophoretic fluid is aligned with the second pixel electrode, and the display cell holding the third composition of electrophoretic fluid is aligned with the third pixel electrode.
10. The display layer of claim 1 , wherein the third or fourth type of particles is larger than the first and second types of particles.
11. The display layer of claim 10 , wherein the third or fourth type of particles is about 2 to about 50 times the sizes of the first and second types of particles.
12. The display layer of claim 1 , wherein the magnitude of the first or second potential is at least twice as large as the magnitude of the third or fourth potential.
13. The display layer of claim 12 , wherein the magnitude of the first or second potential is 15 volts and the magnitude of the third or fourth potential is 5 volts.