High-directivity directional coupler, and related methods and systems
Embodiments of the disclosure relate to a high-directivity directional coupler, and related methods and systems. The high-directivity directional coupler includes a first microstrip and a second microstrip disposed parallel to the first microstrip. The high-directivity directional coupler inherently generates an even mode current and an odd mode current in the second microstrip. The second microstrip provides a linear forward path for conveying the even mode current and a non-linear return path for conveying the odd mode current. The non-linear return path is longer than the linear forward path to compensate for phase velocity difference between the even mode current and the odd mode current. As a result, the odd mode current and the even mode current in the second microstrip can destructively cancel out each other, thus rendering high-directivity without compromising other performance aspects of the high-directivity directional coupler.
1. A high-directivity directional coupler, comprising:
a substrate;
a ground plane;
an input port configured to receive an input signal;
an output port configured to output the received input signal as an output signal;
a coupled port configured to output a coupled signal proportional to the input signal;
an isolated port configured to provide isolation to the input signal and the coupled signal;
a first microstrip disposed above the substrate, the first microstrip configured to convey the input signal from the input port to the output port; and
a second microstrip disposed parallel to the first microstrip, the second microstrip configured to:
provide a linear forward path for conveying an even mode current from the coupled port to the ground plane; and
provide a non-linear return path longer than the linear forward path for conveying an odd mode current in an opposite direction from the even mode current, wherein the non-linear return path is configured to compensate for an inequality between an odd mode phase velocity of the odd mode current and an even mode phase velocity of the even mode current.
2. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 1 , wherein the non-linear return path is configured to delay the odd mode current to cause the odd mode current to be substantially cancelled out by the even mode current.
3. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 1 , wherein the second microstrip comprises a plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs disposed adjacent to the first microstrip, each of the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs is separated from an adjacent rectangular-shaped stub among the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs by a separation distance.
4. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 3 , wherein each of the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs has a respective width that is less than or equal to sixty percent of the separation distance.
5. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 3 , wherein the non-linear return path is formed along outer edges of the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs.
6. A high-directivity directional coupler, comprising:
a substrate;
a ground plane;
an input port configured to receive an input signal;
an output port configured to output the received input signal as an output signal;
a coupled port configured to output a coupled signal proportional to the input signal;
an isolated port configured to provide isolation to the input signal and the coupled signal;
a first microstrip disposed above the substrate, the first microstrip configured to convey the input signal from the input port to the output port; and
a second microstrip disposed parallel to the first microstrip and comprising a plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs, the second microstrip configured to:
provide a linear forward path for conveying an even mode current from the coupled port to the ground plane; and
provide a non-linear return path longer than the linear forward path for conveying an odd mode current in an opposite direction from the even mode current.
7. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 6 , wherein each of the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs is separated from an adjacent rectangular-shaped stub among the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs by a separation distance.
8. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 7 , wherein the non-linear return path is configured to compensate for an inequality between an odd mode phase velocity of the odd mode current and an even mode phase velocity of the even mode current.
9. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 8 , wherein the non-linear return path is configured to delay the odd mode current to cause the odd mode current to be substantially cancelled out by the even mode current.
10. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 7 , wherein each of the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs has a respective width that is less than or equal to sixty percent of the separation distance.
11. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 7 , wherein the non-linear return path is formed along outer edges of the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs.
12. A high-directivity directional coupler, comprising:
a substrate;
a ground plane disposed underneath the substrate;
an input port configured to receive an input signal;
an output port configured to output the received input signal as an output signal;
a coupled port configured to output a coupled signal proportional to the input signal;
an isolated port configured to provide isolation to at least one of the input signal and the coupled signal;
a first microstrip configured to convey the input signal from the input port to the output port; and
a second microstrip disposed above the substrate parallel to the first microstrip, the second microstrip configured to:
provide a linear forward path for conveying an even mode current from the coupled port to the ground plane; and
provide a non-linear return path longer than the linear forward path for conveying an odd mode current in an opposite direction from the even mode current, wherein the non-linear return path is configured to compensate for an inequality between an odd mode phase velocity of the odd mode current and an even mode phase velocity of the even mode current.
13. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 12 , wherein the non-linear return path is configured to delay the odd mode current to cause the odd mode current to be substantially cancelled out by the even mode current.
14. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 12 , wherein the second microstrip comprises a plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs disposed adjacent to the first microstrip, each of the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs is separated from an adjacent rectangular-shaped stub among the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs by a separation distance.
15. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 14 , wherein each of the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs has a respective width that is less than or equal to sixty percent of the separation distance.
16. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 14 , wherein the non-linear return path is formed along outer edges of the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs.
17. A high-directivity directional coupler, comprising:
a substrate;
a ground plane disposed underneath the substrate;
an input port configured to receive an input signal;
an output port configured to output the received input signal as an output signal;
a coupled port configured to output a coupled signal proportional to the input signal;
an isolated port configured to provide isolation to at least one of the input signal and the coupled signal;
a first microstrip configured to convey the input signal from the input port to the output port; and
a second microstrip disposed above the substrate parallel to the first microstrip and comprising a plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs, the second microstrip configured to:
provide a linear forward path for conveying an even mode current from the coupled port to the ground plane; and
provide a non-linear return path longer than the linear forward path for conveying an odd mode current in an opposite direction from the even mode current.
18. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 17 , wherein each of the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs is separated from an adjacent rectangular-shaped stub among the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs by a separation distance.
19. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 17 , wherein the non-linear return path is formed along outer edges of the plurality of rectangular-shaped stubs.
20. The high-directivity directional coupler of claim 17 , wherein the non-linear return path is configured to compensate for an inequality between an odd mode phase velocity of the odd mode current and an even mode phase velocity of the even mode current.