Printer-finisher system for data storage in DNA
Provided herein are systems and methods for storing digital information by assembling an identifier nucleic acid molecule from at least a first component nucleic acid molecule and a second component nucleic acid molecule. The system may include a first printhead configured to dispense a first droplet of a first solution comprising the first component nucleic acid molecule onto a coordinate on a substrate, and a second printhead configured to dispense a second droplet of a second solution comprising the second component nucleic acid molecule onto the coordinate on the substrate, such that the first and second component nucleic acid molecules are collocated on the substrate. The system may include a finisher that dispenses a reaction mix onto the coordinate on the substrate to physically link the first and second component nucleic acid molecules, provides a condition necessary to physically link the first and second component nucleic acid molecules, or both.
1. A method for assembling an identifier nucleic acid molecule, the method comprising:
dispensing a first droplet of a first solution comprising a first component nucleic acid molecule onto a coordinate on a substrate using a first printhead of a printer-finisher system;
dispensing a second droplet of a second solution comprising a second component nucleic acid molecule onto the coordinate on the substrate using a second printhead of the system, such that the first and second component nucleic acid molecules are collocated on the substrate; and
linking the first and second component nucleic acid molecules to form the identifier nucleic acid molecule using a finisher of the system, the identifier nucleic acid molecule representing a position of a symbol in a string of symbols of digital information, wherein the linking is performed by dispensing a reaction mix onto the coordinate on the substrate, providing a condition necessary to link the first and second component nucleic acid molecules, or both.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the finisher comprises a third printhead, which dispenses the reaction mix.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the finisher comprises an incubator, and wherein linking the first and second component nucleic acid molecules comprises:
incubating the coordinate using the incubator.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein incubating comprises subjecting the coordinate to at least one of a fixed temperature or a fixed humidity level.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
using a roller system, moving the substrate past the first printhead, the second printhead, and the finisher.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the roller system comprises at least one roller that moves the substrate in a linear direction.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the substrate comprises a continuous loop of a material, and wherein the at least one roller is part of a set of rollers in the roller system that causes the coordinate on the substrate to pass the first printhead, the second printhead, and the finisher multiple times.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, such that the first and second droplets are dispensed on the first surface, and the roller system contacts the second surface.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first printhead comprises a first plurality of nozzles configured to dispense droplets of the first solution at different coordinates on the substrate.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the second printhead comprises a second plurality of nozzles configured to dispense droplets of the second solution at different coordinates on the substrate.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second printheads are each a MEMS thin-film piezo ink jet head or a MEMS thermal ink jet head.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the finisher comprises a pooling system, and wherein the method further comprises:
capturing the identifier nucleic acid molecule in a container using the pooling system.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the captured identifier nucleic acid molecule is pooled with additional identifier nucleic acid molecules in a pooling solution in the container.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the pooling solution comprises a reaction inhibitor.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the pooled identifier nucleic acid molecules and the pooling solution form an emulsion in the container.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein capturing comprises collecting fluid from the substrate using a membrane.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein capturing comprises scraping fluid from the substrate using a scraper.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the finisher further comprises a heater and the reaction mix comprises PCR reagents, and wherein the method further comprises:
heating coordinate using the heater in a cycle of temperatures, such that the identifier nucleic acid molecule is amplified via PCR.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second printheads are mounted within the system at an angle relative to motion of the substrate, such that the first and second printheads are configured to overprint on the coordinate.