Taper lock bypass plunger
The bypass plungers are disclosed that are configured to provide a mechanical lock between a valve face of plunger and a the valve element of the plunger. More specifically, the valve face and the valve seat are correspondingly configured to allow the valve face to wedge into the interior of the valve seat such that the valve head becomes stuck within the interior of the valve seat.
1. A bypass plunger for use in a hydrocarbon well, comprising:
a generally cylindrical body having a fluid flow path extending axially through at least a portion of the cylindrical body along a centerline axis of the cylindrical body;
a valve seat formed proximate to a bottom of the the fluid flow path, the valve seat having a annular sidewall surface disposed at a taper angle relative to the centerline axis, wherein the taper angle is between one-tenth of a degree and fifteen degrees;
a valve cage attached to a bottom end of the cylindrical body;
a push rod disposed in the valve cage, the push rod movable between an open position spaced from the valve seat to permit fluid flow through the fluid flow path and a closed position to block fluid flow through the fluid flow path, the push rod having:
a valve head having a valve face on an upper surface that is arcuate in profile and tapers from a maximum valve head diameter to a smaller valve head diameter at a tip of the valve head;
wherein the annular sidewall of the valve seat tapers from an larger valve seat diameter at the bottom of the valve seat to a smaller valve seat diameter at an upper portion of the valve seat, wherein the larger valve seat diameter is greater than the maximum valve head diameter and the smaller valve seat diameter is smaller than the maximum valve head diameter; and
where the maximum valve head diameter of the valve head engages an interior of the valve seat about an annular contact line in the closed position mechanically engaging the push rod with the valve seat.
2. The bypass plunger of claim 1 , wherein the taper angle is less than five degrees.
3. The bypass plunger of claim 1 , wherein the valve element comprises a push rod, wherein the valve face is an upper valve face disposed on an upper portion of the push rod.
4. The bypass plunger of claim 1 , further comprising:
a lower valve face disposed on a lower portion of the valve head; and
a cage valve seat formed in the valve cage, the cage valve seat having a annular sidewall surface disposed at a taper angle relative to the centerline axis, wherein the taper angle is between one-tenth of a degree and fifteen degrees.
5. The bypass plunger of claim 4 , wherein the lower valve face is at least partially disposed within and mechanically engaged with the cage valve seat when the valve element is in the open position.
6. The bypass plunger of claim 1 , wherein an end of the push rod extends through an aperture in a lower end of the valve cage.
7. The bypass plunger of claim 1 , further comprising a clutch disposed in the valve cage, wherein the push rod extends through the clutch, wherein the clutch provides frictional resistance to movement of the push rod.
8. A method for use in a production well, comprising:
permitting a plunger to descend in a well until the plunger hits a structure proximate to a bottom of the well;
upon the plunger contacting the structure, driving a valve element into an valve seat wherein the valve seat has an annular sidewall surface disposed at a taper angle relative to a centerline axis of the plunger, wherein the taper angle is between one-tenth of a degree and fifteen degrees, wherein an upper valve face of the valve element wedges into the valve seat mechanically locking the valve element in the valve seat and closing a flow path through the plunger;
permitting the plunger to ascend in the well until the plunger hits a well head structure mechanically disengaging the valve element from the valve seat and opening the flow path through the plunger and;
driving a rod through at least a portion of the plunger in the well head structure to dislodge the valve element from the valve seat; and
in conjunction with mechanically disengaging the valve element from the valve seat, driving a lower valve face of the valve element into a second valve seat mechanically locking the valve element in the second valve seat an opening the flow path through the plunger.
9. A bypass plunger for use in a hydrocarbon well, comprising:
a generally cylindrical body having a fluid flow path extending axially through at least a portion of the cylindrical body along a centerline axis of the cylindrical body;
a first valve seat formed proximate to a bottom of the fluid flow path, the first valve seat having a annular sidewall surface disposed at a taper angle relative to the centerline axis, wherein the taper angle is between one-tenth of a degree and fifteen degrees and wherein a cross dimension of at an inlet end of the first valve seat is greater than a cross dimension of the fluid flow path;
a valve cage attached to a bottom end of the cylindrical body the valve cage having a second valve seat formed in the valve cage, the second valve seat having a annular sidewall surface disposed at a taper angle relative to the centerline axis, wherein the taper angle is between one-tenth of a degree and fifteen degrees;
a push rod disposed in the valve cage, the push rod movable between an open position spaced from the first valve seat to permit fluid flow through the fluid flow path and a closed position, wherein in the closed position an upper valve face of the push rod is at least partially disposed within and mechanically engaged with the first valve seat to block fluid flow through the fluid flow path and wherein in the open position a lower valve face of the push rod is at least partially disposed within and mechanically engaged with the second valve seat.
10. The bypass plunger of claim 9 , wherein the upper valve face and the first valve seat collectively define a self-holding machine taper.