Method for increasing permeability of a cellular layer of epithelial cells
A method for increasing permeability of a cellular layer of epithelial cells includes contacting the cellular layer with a nanostructured surface including a plurality of first nanostructures arranged thereon and projecting outward therefrom. A fractal dimension of the plurality of nanostructures is greater than 1. The permeability of the cellular layer by a compound is increased as compared to the permeability of the cellular layer prior to contact with the surface.
1. A method for increasing permeability of a cellular layer of epithelial cells, the method comprising contacting the cellular layer with a nanostructured surface comprising a microneedle assembly including a plurality of microneedles and a plurality of nanostructures located on each microneedle of the plurality of microneedles, a fractal dimension of the plurality of nanostructures being greater than 1, wherein at least some of the nanostructures of the plurality of nanostructures have a height from about 10 nanometers to about 1 micrometer, and an aspect ratio from about 0.2 to about 5, and wherein the permeability of the cellular layer by a compound is increased as compared to the permeability of the cellular layer prior to contact with the surface.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a transepithelial electrical resistance of the cellular layer is reduced to less than 95% of the transepithelial electrical resistance of the cellular layer prior to contact with the surface.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the nanostructures have a cross-sectional dimension of less than 500 nanometers and greater than 5 nanometers.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanostructured surface further comprises microstructures, the plurality of nanostructures including first nanostructures having a cross-sectional dimension smaller than the microstructures.
5. The method according to claim 4 , further comprising second nanostructures having a cross-sectional dimension less than the cross-sectional dimension of the microstructures and greater than the cross-sectional dimension of the first nanostructures.
6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising a film overlaying at least one microneedle of the microneedle assembly, the film having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface of the film is adhered to the microneedle and at least partially conforms thereto, and wherein the second surface comprises the plurality of nanostructures, wherein the microneedle assembly and the film define a composite microneedle array.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the microneedles contains a channel along a length of the microneedle, and wherein the compound is configured to flow through the channel.
8. A method for increasing permeability of a cellular layer of epithelial cells, the method comprising:
contacting the cellular layer with a nanostructured surface comprising a microneedle assembly including a plurality of microneedles and a plurality of nanostructures located on each microneedle of the plurality of microneedles, a fractal dimension of the plurality of nanostructures being greater than 1, wherein at least some of the nanostructures of the plurality of nanostructures have a height from about 10 nanometers to about 1 micrometer, and an aspect ratio from about 0.2 to about 5, and, wherein
the permeability of the cellular layer to a compound having a molecular weight of greater than 400 Da is increased at least one-fold as compared to the permeability of the cellular layer prior to contact with the surface.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the fractal dimension of the plurality of nanostructures is about 2.5.
10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein, subsequent to contact between the cellular layer of epithelial cells and the nanostructured surface, a transepithelial electrical resistance of the cellular layer is less than 85% of the transepithelial electrical resistance of the cellular layer prior to contact with the surface.
11. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the interaction of the cellular layer and the nanostructured surface results in at least one of up-regulation of one or more anti- inflammatory cytokines and down-regulation of one or more pro-inflammatory cytokines.
12. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the compound is a selected from a protein therapeutic and a polynucleotide.
13. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the method for increasing the permeability of a layer of epithelial cells changes intercellular junction.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the intercellular junction is a tight junction.