Methods and apparatus for item substitution

1. A system comprising:

a database; and

a computing device communicatively coupled to the database and configured to:

obtain, from the database, matrix data identifying connection values between a plurality of first items;

receive item data identifying at least one second item and at least one attribute of the at least one second item;

generate a graph based on the matrix data and the item data to determine at least one connection value between the at least one second item and at least one of the plurality of first items;

store the graph in the database;

determine at least one substitute item for the at least one second item based on the at least one connection value between the at least one second item and the at least one of the plurality of first items;

transmit data identify the at least one substitute item in response to the received item data.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein generating the graph comprises treating the item data as connected to each of the plurality of first items with a same connection value.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the computing device is configured to:

generate a ranking list based on the determined connection values; and

determine the at least one substitute item based on the generated ranking list.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the computing device is configured to:

receive item substitution data identifying the acceptance or denial of substituted items for the plurality of first items;

generate attribute matrix data identifying at least one attribute for each of the substituted items and the plurality of first items; and

generate the matrix data identifying the connection values between the plurality of first items based on the attribute matrix data.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein generating the matrix data comprise executing one or more machine learning algorithms to the item substitution data and the attribute matrix data to identify the connection values.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the computing device is configured to:

receive a request for a substitute item for the at least one second item; and

transmit, in response to the request, the data identifying the at least one substitution item.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein generating the graph comprises:

determining probabilities according to p 0 i ( 1:i i+1 |A ≤i ,X ≤i )=p Ø ( 1:i |Ã ≤i+1 ,X ≤i+1 ), wherein the at least one connection value is one of the determined probabilities.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein generating the graph comprises:

determining a minimum loss based on a loss function according to

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determining at least one weight to apply based on the minimum loss; and

applying the at least one weight.

9. A method comprising:

obtaining, from a database, matrix data identifying connection values between a plurality of first items;

receiving item data identifying at least one second item and at least one attribute of the at least one second item;

generating a graph based on the matrix data and the item data to determine at least one connection value between the at least one second item and at least one of the plurality of first items;

storing the graph in the database;

determining at least one substitute item for the at least one second item based on the at least one connection value between the at least one second item and the at least one of the plurality of first items; and

transmitting data, identifying the at least one substitute item in response to the received item data.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein generating the graph comprises treating the item data as connected to each of the plurality of first items with a same connection value.

11. The method of claim 9 comprising:

generating a ranking list based on the determined connection values;

determining the at least one substitute item based on the generated ranking list.

12. The method of claim 9 comprising:

receiving item substitution data identifying the acceptance or denial of substituted items for the plurality of first items;

generating attribute matrix data identifying at least one attribute for each of the substituted items and the plurality of first items; and

generating the matrix data identifying the connection values between the plurality of first items based on the attribute matrix data.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein generating the matrix data comprises executing one or more machine learning algorithms to the item substitution data and the attribute matrix data to identify the connection values.

14. The method of claim 9 comprising:

receiving a request for a substitute item for the at least one second item; and

transmitting, in response to the request, the data identifying the at least one substitution item.

15. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one processor, cause a device to perform operations comprising:

obtaining, from a database, matrix data identifying connection values between a plurality of first items;

receiving item data identifying at least one second item and at least one attribute of the at least one second item;

generating a graph based on the matrix data and the item data to determine at least one connection value between the at least one second item and at least one of the plurality of first items;

storing the graph in the database;

determining at least one substitute item for the at least one second item based on the at least one connection value between the at least one second item and the at least one of the plurality of first items; and

transmitting data identifying the at least one substitute item in response to the received item data.

16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15 further comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, further cause the device to perform operations comprising:

generating the graph by treating the item data to be connected to each of the plurality of first items with a same connection value.

17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15 further comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, further cause the device to perform operations comprising:

generating a ranking list based on the determined connection values; and

determining the at least one substitute item based on the generated ranking list.

18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15 further comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, further cause the device to perform operations comprising: receiving item substitution data identifying the acceptance or denial of substituted items for the plurality of first items; generating attribute matrix data identifying at least one attribute for each of the substituted items and the plurality of first items; and generating the matrix data identifying the connection values between the plurality of first items based on the attribute matrix data.

19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18 further comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, further cause the device to perform operations comprising executing one or more machine learning algorithms to the item substitution data and the attribute matrix data to identify the connection values.

20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19 further comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, further cause the device to perform operations comprising:

receiving a request for a substitute item for the at least one second item; and

transmitting, in response to the request, the data identifying the at least one substitution item.