Plug apparatus and methods for oil and gas wellbores
Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to plug apparatus and methods, and components thereof, for oil and gas wellbores. In one implementation, a plug for oil and gas wellbores includes a mandrel, and a gauge ring disposed around the mandrel. The plug also includes a guide shoe disposed around the mandrel. The plug also includes a first cone, a second cone, and a seal element between the first cone and the second cone. The seal element includes an edge that faces the second cone. The seal element is movable between a preset position and a set position, and the movement of the seal element between the preset position and the set position folds the edge of the seal element in a direction from a second end of the seal element towards a first end of the seal element and underneath an outer portion of the seal element.
1. A plug for oil and gas wellbores, comprising:
a mandrel having an inner surface, an outer surface, a first end, and a second end;
a gauge ring disposed around the mandrel at the first end of the mandrel;
a guide shoe disposed around the mandrel at the second end of the mandrel, the guide shoe having a first end and a second end;
a first cone disposed around the mandrel between the gauge ring and the guide shoe;
a second cone disposed around the mandrel between the gauge ring and the guide shoe, the second cone having an inner surface comprising a tapered surface disposed at a taper angle, and a tapered outer surface that intersects the tapered surface of the inner surface at an apex, the apex defining a first end of the second cone; and
a seal element disposed around the mandrel between the first cone and the second cone, the seal element comprising:
an inner surface that interfaces with the outer surface of the mandrel;
a surface that interfaces with the first cone, the surface defining a first end of the seal element; and
an edge that faces the second cone, the edge defining a second end of the seal element, the seal element being movable between a preset position and a set position, wherein a movement of the seal element between the preset position and the set position folds the edge of the seal element in a direction from the second end of the seal element towards the first end of the seal element and underneath an outer portion of the seal element.
2. The plug of claim 1 , wherein the seal element further comprises an inner surface, and a portion of the inner surface is in contact with the outer surface of the mandrel in the preset position, and the portion of the inner surface of the seal element is disposed at a gap from the outer surface of the mandrel in the set position.
3. The plug of claim 2 , wherein the portion of the inner surface of the seal element is disposed at the first end of the seal element.
4. The plug of claim 1 , wherein the plug has a length defined between the first end of the mandrel and the second end of the guide shoe, and the length is less than 15 inches.
5. The plug of claim 1 , wherein a first inner surface of the guide shoe interfaces with the outer surface of the mandrel and defines an interface length that is less than 1 inch.
6. The plug of claim 5 , wherein a second inner surface of the guide shoe defines a shoe inner diameter, and the inner surface of the mandrel defines a mandrel inner diameter that is greater than the shoe inner diameter.
7. The plug of claim 1 , wherein the mandrel and the second cone each is made from a nonmetallic material.
8. The plug of claim 1 , wherein the plug is a frac plug.
9. A plug for oil and gas wellbores, comprising:
a mandrel having an inner surface, an outer surface, a first end and, a second end;
a gauge ring disposed around the mandrel at the first end of the mandrel;
a guide shoe disposed around the mandrel at the second end of the mandrel, the guide shoe having a first end and a second end;
a first cone disposed around the mandrel between the gauge ring and the guide shoe, the first cone having a surface;
a second cone disposed around the mandrel between the gauge ring and the guide shoe, the second cone having an inner surface comprising a tapered surface disposed at a taper angle, and a tapered outer surface that intersects the tapered surface of the inner surface at an apex, the apex defining a first end of the second cone; and
a seal element disposed around the mandrel between the first cone and the second cone, the seal element comprising:
an inner surface that interfaces with the outer surface of the mandrel;
a surface that interfaces with the surface of the first cone, the surface defining a first end of the seal element; and
a first tapered outer surface that interfaces with the tapered surface of the inner surface of the second cone, the first tapered outer surface defining a second end of the seal element.
10. The plug of claim 9 , wherein the seal element further comprises:
a first flat outer surface defining a first outer diameter;
a second tapered outer surface; and
a second flat outer surface defining a second outer diameter that is larger than the first outer diameter.
11. The plug of claim 9 , wherein each of the second cone and the seal element is movable between a preset position and a set position and the first tapered outer surface of the seal element defines an edge of the seal element, and a movement of the second cone between the preset position and the set position folds the edge of the seal element in a direction from the second end of the seal element towards the first end of the seal element and underneath an outer portion of the seal element.
12. The plug of claim 9 , wherein the first tapered outer surface of the seal element and the tapered surface of the inner surface of the second cone taper radially outwardly and away from the outer surface of the mandrel in a direction from the second end of the seal element towards the first end of the seal element.
13. The plug of claim 12 , wherein the first tapered outer surface of the seal element defines a first taper angle relative to the inner surface of the seal element, and the tapered surface of the inner surface of the second cone defines a second taper angle relative to the inner surface of the second cone, and the first taper angle is equal to the second taper angle.
14. The plug of claim 12 , wherein the tapered outer surface of the second cone tapers radially inwardly and towards the outer surface of the mandrel in the direction from the second end of the seal element towards the first end of the seal element.
15. The plug of claim 9 , wherein the plug has a length defined between the first end of the mandrel and the second end of the guide shoe, and the length is less than 15 inches.
16. The plug of claim 9 , wherein a first inner surface of the guide shoe interfaces with the outer surface of the mandrel and defines an interface length that is less than 1 inch.
17. The plug of claim 16 , wherein a second inner surface of the guide shoe defines a shoe inner diameter, and the inner surface of the mandrel defines a mandrel inner diameter that is greater than the shoe inner diameter.
18. The plug of claim 9 , wherein the mandrel and the second cone each is made from a nonmetallic material.
19. A method of setting a plug in an oil and gas wellbore, comprising:
disposing a plug in a wellbore having a casing, the plug comprising:
a mandrel having an inner surface, an outer surface, a first end and, a second end;
a gauge ring disposed around the mandrel at the first end of the mandrel;
a guide shoe disposed around the mandrel at the second end of the mandrel, the guide shoe having a first end and a second end;
a first cone disposed around the mandrel between the gauge ring and the guide shoe, the first cone having a surface;
a second cone disposed around the mandrel between the gauge ring and the guide shoe, the second cone having an inner surface comprising a tapered surface disposed at a taper angle, and a tapered outer surface that intersects the tapered surface of the inner surface at an apex, the apex defining a first end of the second cone; and
a seal element disposed around the mandrel between the first cone and the second cone, the seal element having a first end, a second end, and an edge; and
applying a setting force to the plug, the applying the setting force comprising:
folding the edge of the seal element in a direction from the second end of the seal element towards the first end of the seal element and underneath an outer portion of the seal element.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the applying the setting force further comprises pushing the tapered surface of the inner surface of the second cone into a tapered outer surface of the seal element.