Compression apparatus and systems for circulatory disorders

1. A garment for providing circulatory system disorder therapy, the garment comprising:

a skin contacting layer with a plurality of recessed portions;

a backing layer coupled to the skin contacting layer such that the skin contacting layer and the backing layer form a plurality of toroidal chambers, a first one of the plurality of toroidal chambers being partitioned into a plurality of micro-chambers formed by the plurality of recessed portions of the skin contacting layer, each of the plurality of micro-chambers being in direct fluid communication with at least one other of the plurality of micro-chambers;

a middle layer in cooperation with the plurality of recessed portions and extending between the skin contacting layer and the backing layer to form side walls for each of the plurality of micro-chambers and to form a plurality of micro-conduits acting as passive valves between the plurality of micro-chambers, the middle layer being a different layer from the skin contacting layer and the backing layer; and

a coupling coupled to the backing layer and being configured to supply pressurized air directly into the first toroidal chamber such that the pressurized air is delivered to a first one of the plurality of micro-chambers of the first toroidal chamber.

2. The garment of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of toroidal chambers has a length, a width, and a depth, the length being between about 20 millimeters and about 120 millimeters, the width being between about 10 millimeters and about 80 millimeters, the depth being between about 1 millimeter and about 10 millimeters.

3. The garment of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of micro-chambers has a micro-length, a micro-width, and a micro-depth, the micro-length being between about 6 millimeters and about 50 millimeters, the width being between about 6 millimeters and about 50 millimeters, the micro-depth being between about 0.25 millimeters and about 12.5 millimeters.

4. The garment of claim 3 , wherein the micro-length, the micro-width, and the micro-depth are selected to aid in providing a massage to a user of the garment.

5. The garment of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of micro-chambers is in direct fluid communication with at least one other of the plurality of micro-chambers via the plurality of micro-conduits, each of the plurality of micro-conduits having a minimum diameter, the minimum diameter being between about 25 microns and about 6 millimeters, wherein the minimum diameter is selected to aid in providing a massage to a user of the garment.

6. The garment of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of toroidal chambers forms a row of the garment when the garment is worn by a user.

7. The garment of claim 1 , wherein the coupling is configured to supply the pressurized air directly into the first toroidal chamber such that the plurality of micro-chambers are pressurized in a predetermined sequence.

8. The garment of claim 7 , wherein the predetermined sequence follows a generally circular path about a limb of a user of the garment.

9. The garment of claim 7 , wherein the pressurization of the plurality of micro-chambers in the predetermined sequence provides a massage to a user wearing the garment on a body part of the user.

10. The garment of claim 7 , further comprising a controller that is configured to cycle the pressurization of the plurality of micro-chambers between at least two different pressure levels to provide a massage to a user wearing the garment on a body part of the user.

11. The garment of claim 1 , wherein a first one of the plurality of micro-conduits has a first minimum diameter and a second one of the plurality of micro-conduits has a second minimum diameter that is different from the first minimum diameter such that the pressurized air moves through the first micro-conduit and the second micro-conduit at different rates.

12. The garment of claim 1 , wherein the skin contacting layer includes an elastic material and the backing layer includes a rigid material.

13. The garment of claim 7 , wherein the skin contacting layer includes a first material having a first Young's modulus and the backing layer includes a second material having a second Young's modulus that is different from the first Young's modulus.

14. The garment of claim 13 , wherein the second Young's modulus is greater than the first Young's modulus.

15. The garment of claim 13 , wherein the second Young's modulus is between two and ten times greater than the first Young's modulus.

16. The garment of claim 1 , wherein the skin contacting layer is continuous.

17. The garment of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of toroidal chambers are fluidly independent.

18. A garment for providing circulatory system disorder therapy, the garment comprising:

a skin contacting layer with a plurality of recessed portions;

a backing layer coupled to the skin contacting layer such that the skin contacting layer and the backing layer form a plurality of macro-chambers, a first one of the plurality of macro-chambers being partitioned into a plurality of micro-chambers formed by the plurality of recessed portions of the skin contacting layer, each of the plurality of micro-chambers being in direct fluid communication with at least one other of the plurality of micro-chambers; and

a coupling coupled to the backing layer and being configured to supply pressurized air directly into the first macro-chamber such that the pressurized air is delivered to a first one of the plurality of micro-chambers of the first macro-chamber;

a middle layer in cooperation with the plurality of recessed portions and extending between the skin contacting layer and the backing layer to form side walls for each of the plurality of micro-chambers, the middle layer being a different layer from the skin contacting layer and the backing layer;

wherein the middle layer forms a plurality of micro-conduits acting as passive valves between the plurality of micro-chambers of the first macro-chamber such that pressurized air in the first micro-chamber is able to move via a first one of the plurality of micro-conduits into at least one other one of the plurality of micro-chambers.

19. The garment of claim 18 , wherein the first micro-conduit has a first minimum diameter and a second one of the plurality of micro-conduits has a second minimum diameter that is different from the first minimum diameter such that the pressurized air moves through the first micro-conduit and the second micro-conduit at different flow rates.

20. The garment of claim 18 , wherein at least a portion of the plurality of micro-chambers has a generally trapezoidal profile shape when pressurized.

21. The garment of claim 18 , wherein the coupling is configured to supply the pressurized air directly into the first macro-chamber such that the plurality of micro-chambers are pressurized in a predetermined sequence.

22. The garment of claim 18 , further comprising a controller that is configured to cycle the pressurization of the plurality of micro-chambers between at least two different pressure levels to provide a massage to a user wearing the garment on a body part of the user.

23. The garment of claim 18 , wherein the skin contacting layer includes a first material having a first Young's modulus and the hacking layer includes a second material having a second Young's modulus between two and ten times greater than the first Young's modulus.

24. The garment of claim 18 , wherein the skin contacting layer is continuous.

25. The garment of claim 24 , wherein the plurality of macro-chambers are fluidly independent.