Methods and devices for passive residual lung volume reduction and functional lung volume expansion
The volume of a hyperinflated lung compartment is reduced by sealing a distal end of the catheter in an airway feeding the lung compartment. Air passes out of the lung compartment through a passage in the catheter while the patient exhales. A one-way flow element associated with the catheter prevents air from re-entering the lung compartment as the patient inhales. Over time, the pressure of regions surrounding the lung compartment cause it to collapse as the volume of air diminishes. Residual volume reduction effectively results in functional lung volume expansion. Optionally, the lung compartment may be sealed in order to permanently prevent air from re-entering the lung compartment. The invention further discloses a catheter with a transparent occlusion element at its tip that enables examination of the lung passageway through a viewing scope.
1. A diagnostic catheter comprising:
a catheter body having a distal end, a proximal end, and a lumen extending from the distal end to the proximal end, wherein at least a distal portion of the catheter body is adapted to be advanced through the airways of the lung; and
a transparent expandable member disposed near the distal end of the catheter body, wherein the transparent expandable member is adapted to be expanded in an airway leading to a lung compartment, wherein a proximal end of the transparent expandable member is attached to an outer surface of the catheter body and a distal portion of the transparent expandable member is attached to an inner surface of the lumen such that the transparent expandable member forms the wide angle lens.
2. The diagnostic catheter of claim 1 , wherein the proximal end of the transparent expandable member is attached circumferentially to the outer surface of the catheter body and the distal portion of the transparent expandable member is attached circumferentially to the inner surface of the lumen.