Composite tube with a sacrificial layer for very thin wall heat exchangers
Composite tube assemblies and thin-walled tubing are disclosed. In embodiments, the composite tube assemblies include a functional tube and a sacrificial tube disposed within or around the functional tube. The sacrificial tube may be removed by exposure to a corrosive media, without substantially affecting the functional tube. Methods of forming composite tube assemblies and thin-walled tubing are also described.
1. A method of making an end-product tube, comprising:
forming a first composite tube assembly, the first composite tube assembly comprising:
a first functional tube formed of a first material comprising a superalloy, the first functional tube having a first inner surface and a first outer surface; and
a first sacrificial tube formed of a second material, the first sacrificial tube having a second inner surface and a second outer surface;
wherein the first sacrificial tube is disposed inside or outside the first functional tube and is metallurgically bonded to the first functional tube;
drawing the first composite tube assembly to form a drawn composite tube assembly comprising a drawn functional tube and a drawn sacrificial tube;
removing the drawn sacrificial tube from the drawn functional tube to form the end-product tube such that the end-product tube has an overall length provided by the drawn functional tube.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein removing the drawn sacrificial tube comprises:
exposing the drawn composite tube assembly to a corrosive media.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said corrosive media is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, or a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the first composite tube assembly comprises:
disposing said first sacrificial tube inside the first functional tube or disposing said first functional tube inside the first sacrificial tube; and
metallurgically bonding the first sacrificial tube and the first functional tube.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said metallurgically bonding comprises annealing said first sacrificial tube and said first functional tube to cause diffusion bonding between the first material and the second material.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the first composite tube assembly comprises:
disposing said first sacrificial tube inside the first functional tube or disposing said first functional tube inside the first sacrificial tube, and
after disposing said first sacrificial tube inside the first functional tube or disposing said first functional tube inside the first sacrificial tube, drawing the first functional tube and the first sacrificial tube, such that the first inner surface and the second outer surface are brought into contact, or the first outer surface and the second inner surface are brought into contact.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising passivating the drawn functional tube.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the superalloy comprises at least one of nickel, cobalt, and iron, and which: has a yield strength (YS) of at least 550 megapascals (MPa); has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least 1200 MPa; and in which one or more of said YS and said UTS is maintained at temperatures at or above 760° C., or at temperatures greater than or equal to 70% of the absolute melting temperature of the superalloy.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the second material is selected from the group consisting of nickel, a nickel alloy, cobalt, a cobalt alloy, or a combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the drawn functional tube has a first outside diameter (OD 1 );
the drawn sacrificial tube has a second outside diameter (OD 2 );
OD 2 >OD 1 ; and
OD 1 is in the range of 0.5 to 2.3 millimeters (mm).
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein OD 1 ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the drawn functional tube has a first average wall thickness (WT 1 ), wherein WT 1 ranges from 25 to 250 μm;
the drawn sacrificial tube has a second average wall thickness (WT 2 ); and
WT 2 ranges from 0.5(WT 1 ) to 3(WT 1 ).
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the drawn functional tube has a wall thickness variation that is less than or equal to 10% of WT 1 .
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first sacrificial tube is disposed inside the first functional tube.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein forming the first composite tube assembly comprises:
disposing said first sacrificial tube inside the first functional tube; and
metallurgically bonding the first sacrificial tube and the first functional tube.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein forming the first composite tube assembly comprises:
disposing said first sacrificial tube inside the first functional tube; and
after disposing said first sacrificial tube inside the first functional tube, drawing the first functional tube and the first sacrificial tube, such that the first inner surface and the second outer surface are brought into contact.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first sacrificial tube is disposed outside the first functional tube.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein forming the first composite tube assembly comprises:
disposing said first sacrificial tube outside the first functional tube; and
metallurgically bonding the first sacrificial tube and the first functional tube.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein forming the first composite tube assembly comprises:
disposing said first sacrificial tube outside the first functional tube; and
after disposing said first sacrificial tube outside the first functional tube, drawing the first functional tube and the first sacrificial tube, such that the first outer surface and the second inner surface are brought into contact.