Methods and systems for delivering substances into luminal walls
Angioplasty and other dilatation devices are provided with scoring elements which incorporate a drug to be delivered to a body lumen, typically a blood vessel. The scoring elements have drugs and other active substances coated over a portion thereof or incorporated within internal structure of the element so that the drug is released into the luminal wall closely associated diseased regions of the body lumen as the scoring structure is radially expanded into the wall.
1. A catheter for delivering an active substance to a luminal site, the catheter comprising:
a catheter body having a proximal portion and a distal portion;
an expandable shell coupled to the distal portion of the catheter body;
a scoring structure comprising at least one scoring element disposed over the expandable shell, wherein the scoring element comprises a proximal end and a distal end, wherein one of the proximal end of the scoring element or the distal end of the scoring element is stationary relative to the catheter body and the other of the proximal end and the distal end of the scoring element is axially moveable relative to the catheter body; and
an active substance carried by the at least one scoring element;
whereupon positioning the at least one scoring element at the luminal site and expanding the expandable shell, the active substance is released from the at least one scoring element and delivered to the luminal site.
2. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the scoring element is stationary relative to the catheter body and the proximal end of the scoring element is axially moveable relative to the catheter body.
3. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the at least one scoring element radially expands upon expanding the expandable shell.
4. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the at least one scoring element is elongate.
5. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the at least one scoring element has a helical geometry.
6. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the at least one scoring element has a rectangular cross-section.
7. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the at least one scoring element has a triangular cross-section.
8. The catheter of claim 7 , wherein the triangular cross-section of the at least one scoring element comprises a sharpened or honed ridge.
9. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the scoring structure comprises a plurality of scoring elements.
10. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the expandable shell comprises a balloon.
11. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the active substance comprises one or more of an antiproliferative agent, an antimitotic agent, an antiplatelet agent, an alkylating agent, an antimetabolite, a platinum coordination complex, a hormone, an anticoagulant, a fibrinolytic agent, an antimigratory agent, an antisecretory agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, indole and acetic acids, an immunosuppressive agent, an angiogenic agent, an angiotensin receptor blocker, a nitric oxide donor, an anti-sense oligonucleotide, a cell cycle inhibitor, a retinoid, a cyclin/CDK inhibitor, an HMG co-enzyme reductase inhibitor, and a protease inhibitor.
12. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the active substance comprises an antiproliferative drug.
13. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the active substance comprises paclitaxel.
14. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of an exposed surface of the at least one scoring element comprises a coating having the active substance.
15. The catheter of claim 14 , wherein the coating comprises a polymeric carrier and the active substance is incorporated in the polymeric carrier.
16. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein at least one scoring element comprises one or more wells and the active substance is carried in the one or more wells.
17. The catheter of claim 16 , wherein the active substance is incorporated in a polymeric carrier and the polymeric carrier is carried in the one or more wells.
18. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein at least one scoring element comprises one or more holes and the active substance is carried in the one or more holes.
19. The catheter of claim 18 , wherein the active substance is incorporated in a polymeric carrier and the polymeric carrier is carried in the one or more holes.