Apparatus for holding a receptacle and applying thermal energy to the receptacle
A thermally conductive receptacle holder includes a plurality of wells that each receive a receptacle. A cross-brace is mounted to a support to exert a force onto an outer surface of a compressive housing such that the compressive housing exerts a force onto the receptacle holder. An optical fiber associated with each well provides optical communication between the receptacle well and an excitation signal source and/or an emission signal detector.
1. An apparatus for performing nucleic acid amplification reactions, the apparatus comprising:
a thermally-conductive receptacle holder, the receptacle holder comprising a plurality of receptacle wells disposed in linear alignment with each other, each of the receptacle wells being configured to receive a receptacle, and each of the receptacle wells having a through-hole extending from an inner surface of the receptacle well to an outer surface of the receptacle holder;
a thermally-conductive support;
a thermal element positioned between the support and the receptacle holder;
a compressive housing having a top surface positioned above the receptacle holder, the top surface having a plurality of through-holes, each of the through-holes of the compressive housing being in alignment with a corresponding one of the receptacle wells;
a cross-brace mounted to the first side of the support, wherein the cross-brace exerts a force onto an outer surface of a side wall of the compressive housing such that the compressive housing exerts a force onto the receptacle holder; and
a plurality of optical fibers, each of the optical fibers providing optical communication between one of the receptacle wells and at least one of an excitation signal source and an emission signal detector, wherein a first end of each of the optical fibers is disposed outside, within, or extends through the through-hole of a corresponding one of the receptacle wells, and wherein a second end of each optical fiber is in optical communication with the excitation signal source and/or the emission signal detector.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the through-hole of each of the receptacle wells extends from a bottom-center of the inner surface of the receptacle well to the outer surface of the receptacle holder.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the receptacle wells support one or more receptacles, each of the receptacles containing a reaction mixture, and wherein the receptacle is closed with a cap, the cap being situated above a top surface of the receptacle holder.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the reaction mixture comprises a PCR master mix.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein each of the receptacles is a single unit.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the thermal element is electrically connected to a controllable power source for applying a current across the thermal element, thereby altering the temperature of the receptacle holder.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the support comprises an upright portion and a base portion, wherein the thermal element is positioned between opposed surfaces of the upright portion and the receptacle holder, wherein the base portion comprises a plurality of through-holes, and wherein each of the through-holes of the base portion is in alignment with a corresponding one of the through-holes of the receptacle holder.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein each of the openings of the base portion of the support forms a channel supporting a fixed or moveable ferrule and through which a corresponding one of the optical fibers passes.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 further comprising a heat sink in thermal communication with the support.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the base portion of the support is disposed on a top surface of the heat sink.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the heat sink comprises a plurality of through-holes, each of the through-holes of the heat sink being in alignment with one of the through-holes of the receptacle holder, and wherein each of the optical fibers passes through a corresponding one of the through-holes of the heat sink.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising at least two thermistors disposed in contact with the receptacle holder.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the compressive housing comprises a plurality ribs, each of the ribs extending from an inner surface of the side wall toward the receptacle holder, such that the ribs contact and exert the force onto the receptacle holder, wherein each rib is adjacent at least one of the receptacle wells.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the side wall of the compressive housing has sloped ends that are oriented toward the receptacle holder.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the cross-brace comprises outer edges that are bowed around the angled edges of the compressive housing.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the cross-brace is mounted to the first side of the upright portion of the support with screws.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the optical fibers is in optical communication with the excitation signal source and the emission signal detector.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a cover moveable between an open position and a closed position relative to the receptacle holder, wherein the cover does not obstruct access to the receptacle wells when the cover is in the open position, wherein the cover blocks access to the receptacle wells when the cover is in the closed position, and wherein the cover is configured to exert a force on any receptacles in the receptacle wells when the cover is in the closed position.
19. A system for performing nucleic acid amplification reactions, the system comprising:
the apparatus of claim 1 ; and
a receptacle transport mechanism for transferring receptacles to and from the receptacle wells.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the receptacle transport mechanism is a pipettor.
21. The system of claim 19 further comprising a stripper plate mounted in moveable association with the receptacle holder, the stripper plate being moveable between an unlocked position and a locked position, wherein a receptacle can be transferred to or removed from any one of the receptacle wells when the stripper plate is in the unlocked position, and wherein a receptacle disposed in any one of the receptacle wells is inhibited from removal when the stripper plate is in the locked position.
22. The system of claim 21 , wherein the stripper plate is configured to move to the locked position after one or more receptacles have been transferred to one or more of the receptacle wells by the receptacle transport mechanism and before the receptacle transport mechanism is withdrawn from the one or more receptacle wells.