Antibodies and methods of use thereof
Provided are antibodies that specifically bind to CTLA-4 and/or PD-1 and antagonize CTLA-4 and/or PD-1 function. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising these antibodies, nucleic acids encoding these antibodies, expression vectors and host cells for making these antibodies, and methods of treating a subject using these antibodies either alone or in combination.
1. A method of increasing T cell activation in a subject that has cancer, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a therapeutic combination comprising a first isolated antibody that specifically binds to human CTLA-4 and a second isolated antibody that specifically binds to human PD-1, wherein:
(a) the first isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising the complementarity determining regions CDRH1, CDRH2, and CDRH3 of the VH amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a light chain variable region (VL) comprising the complementarity determining regions CDRL1, CDRL2, and CDRL3 of the VL amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, and
(b) the second isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising the complementarity determining regions CDRH1, CDRH2 and CDRH3 of the VH amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66 and a light chain variable region (VL) comprising the complementarity determining regions CDRL1, CDRL2 and CDRL3 of the VL amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein CDRH1, CDRH2, CDRH3, CDRL1, CDRL2, and CDRL3 of the first isolated antibody comprise the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 20, 22, 24, 27, 30, and 36, respectively.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first isolated antibody comprises
a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 14, respectively.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first isolated antibody comprises:
(a) a heavy chain constant region selected from the group consisting of human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2;
(b) a heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60;
(c) an IgG1 heavy chain constant region comprising S239D/I332E mutations, numbered according to the EU numbering system;
(d) a heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61;
(e) an IgG1 heavy chain constant region comprising S239D/A330L/I332E mutations, numbered according to the EU numbering system;
(f) a heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62;
(g) an IgG1 heavy chain constant region comprising L235V/F243L/R292P/Y300L/P396L mutations, numbered according to the EU numbering system;
(h) a heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63;
(i) an IgG1 heavy chain constant region, wherein the IgG1 heavy chain constant region is non-fucosylated;
(j) a light chain constant region selected from the group consisting of human Igκ and Igλ; or
(k) a light chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein CDRH1, CDRH2, CDRH3, CDRL1, CDRL2, and CDRL3 of the second isolated antibody comprise the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 75, 76, 81, 83, 84, and 85, respectively.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 66 and 74, respectively.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 91 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
(a) the first isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 14, respectively; and
(b) the second isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 66 and 74, respectively.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
(a) the first isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; and
(b) the second isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 91 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second isolated antibody comprises:
(a) a heavy chain constant region selected from the group consisting of human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2;
(b) an IgG1 heavy chain constant region comprising an N297A mutation, numbered according to the EU numbering system;
(c) a heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 94;
(d) an IgG4 heavy chain constant region comprising an S228P mutation, numbered according to the EU numbering system;
(e) a heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 95;
(f) a light chain constant region selected from the group consisting of human Igκ and Igλ; or
(g) a light chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
(a) the first isolated antibody is administered at 0.3 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg;
(b) the second isolated antibody is administered at 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, or 6 mg/kg;
(c) the second isolated antibody is administered at a dose of 200 mg;
(d) the first isolated antibody is administered at 0.3 mg/kg, and the second isolated antibody is administered at 1 mg/kg;
(e) the first isolated antibody is administered at 1 mg/kg, and the second isolated antibody is administered at 1 mg/kg;
(f) the first isolated antibody is administered at 1 mg/kg, and the second isolated antibody is administered at 3 mg/kg;
(g) the first isolated antibody is administered at 1 mg/kg, and the second isolated antibody is administered at 6 mg/kg;
(h) the first isolated antibody is administered every six weeks;
(i) the second isolated antibody is administered every two weeks or every three weeks;
(j) the first isolated antibody is administered at 0.3 mg/kg every six weeks, and the second isolated antibody is administered at 1 mg/kg every two weeks;
(k) the first isolated antibody is administered at 1 mg/kg every six weeks, and the second isolated antibody is administered at 1 mg/kg every two weeks;
(l) the first isolated antibody is administered at 1 mg/kg every six weeks, and the second isolated antibody is administered at 3 mg/kg every two weeks; or
(m) the first isolated antibody is administered at 1 mg/kg every six weeks, and the second isolated antibody is administered at 6 mg/kg every three weeks.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
(a) the cancer is a metastatic or locally advanced solid tumor;
(b) the cancer is a metastatic or locally advanced, unresectable squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, or adenocarcinoma of the cervix,
(c) no standard therapy is available for the cancer;
(d) the cancer is refractory to a standard therapy,
(e) the cancer has relapsed after a standard therapy;
(f) the cancer is HPV positive;
(g) the cancer is a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC);
(h) the cancer is a Stage IV, metastatic, or locally advanced NSCLC;
(i) the cancer is a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and wherein the NSCLC has no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations;
(j) the cancer is a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and wherein the subject has received no prior systemic chemotherapy treatment for the NSCLC;
(k) the cancer is a cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC);
(l) the cancer is a cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC), and wherein is not curable with radiation therapy; or
(m) the percentage of tumor cells in a sample of the cancer that exhibit detectable membrane expression of PD-L1 is at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein:
(a) the first and second isolated antibodies are administered as a first cancer therapy after diagnosis of the cancer;
(b) the first and second isolated antibodies are administered as a first cancer therapy after diagnosis of tumor progression that has occurred despite previous treatment of the cancer with a different cancer therapy; or
(c) the first and second isolated antibodies are administered as a first cancer therapy after diagnosis of toxicity of a different cancer therapy.
15. A method of increasing T cell activation in a subject that has cervical cancer, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a therapeutic combination comprising a first isolated antibody that specifically binds to human CTLA-4 and a second isolated antibody that specifically binds to human PD-1, wherein:
(a) the first isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising the complementarity determining regions CDRH1, CDRH2, and CDRH3 of the VH amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a light chain variable region (VL) comprising the complementarity determining regions CDRL1, CDRL2, and CDRL3 of the VL amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, and
(b) the second isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising the complementarity determining regions CDRH1, CDRH2 and CDRH3 of the VH amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66 and a light chain variable region (VL) comprising the complementarity determining regions CDRL1, CDRL2 and CDRL3 of the VL amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the cancer has relapsed after platinum-based chemotherapy.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the cancer is advanced or metastatic.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
(a) the first isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 14, respectively; and
(b) the second isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 66 and 74, respectively.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
(a) the first isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; and
(b) the second isolated antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 91 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93.