Compensated spectroscopy measurements
Elemental concentrations in subterranean formations may be determined using neutron spectroscopy. For example, neutrons may be emitted by a downhole tool into the formation and produce gamma rays via inelastic scattering of fast neutrons or capture of slow neutrons. The borehole surrounding a downhole tool may introduce artifacts in the neutron spectroscopy measurement. Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to techniques that reduce artifacts signals in downhole tools that include one or multiple detectors based at least in part on the inelastic and capture measurements.
1. A system for determining a property of a geological formation, comprising:
a neutron source configured to emit neutrons into a borehole of the geological formation;
two or more gamma-ray detectors configured to receive gamma rays resulting from interactions between the neutrons emitted by the neutron source and the geological formation to generate a plurality of independent measurements, wherein each independent measurement of the plurality of independent measurements is associated with a different region within the geological formation or the borehole, or both the geological formation and the borehole; and
a processor configured to:
acquire a first energy spectrum which contains at least in part a first independent measurement of the plurality of independent measurements;
acquire a second energy spectrum which contains at least in part a second independent measurement of the plurality of independent measurements; and
determine an elemental concentration based at least in part on a combination of the first energy spectrum and the second energy spectrum, wherein a first independent measurement of the plurality of independent measurements comprises a capture measurement and wherein a second independent measurement of the plurality of independent measurements comprises an inelastic measurement.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least two independent measurements of the plurality of independent measurements are from different detectors of the two or more gamma-ray detectors.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein a first independent measurement of the plurality of independent measurements comprises a capture measurement acquired in a first timing gate relative to a pulsed neutron burst emitted by the neutron source and a second independent measurement of the plurality of independent measurements comprises a capture measurement acquired in a second timing gate relative to the pulsed neutron burst emitted by the neutron source.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the at least two independent measurements of the plurality of independent measurements comprise capture measurements.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the energy spectra contain gamma rays from at least one element, the at least one element comprising hydrogen, chlorine, or both.
6. The system of claim 2 , wherein the at least two independent measurements of the plurality of independent measurements comprise inelastic measurements.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the energy spectra contain gamma rays from at least one element, the at least one element comprising carbon, oxygen, or both.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein a first gamma-ray detector of the two or more gamma-ray detectors is configured to acquire a first energy spectrum of the energy spectra from a first depth of investigation, and wherein a second gamma-ray detector of the two or more gamma-ray detectors acquires a second energy spectrum of the energy spectra from a second depth of investigation.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to:
determine an apparent borehole weight concentration based at least in part on an additional combination of at least two of a plurality of element yields, wherein the elemental concentration is determined based at least in part on the apparent borehole weight concentration.
10. A method for determining an elemental concentration in a geological formation, comprising:
emitting neutrons, from a neutron generator placed into a borehole in the geological formation, to cause capture events and inelastic scattering events that generate photons;
detecting, using one or more detectors, the photons associated with the capture events to generate a plurality of independent measurements, wherein a first independent measurement of the plurality of independent measurements comprises capture measurements and wherein a second independent measurement of the plurality of independent measurements comprises inelastic measurements;
acquiring a first energy spectrum which contains at least in part the first independent measurement;
acquiring a second energy spectrum which contains at least in part the second independent measurement; and
determining the elemental concentration based at least in part on a combination of the first energy spectrum and the second energy spectrum, wherein the borehole of the geological formation is completed with casing, cement, tubing, or gravel packs, or any combination thereof, and wherein the elemental concentration relates to an element present in both the geological formation and the casing, cement, tubing, or gravel packs, or any combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first energy spectrum and the second energy spectrum contain gamma rays from at least one element, the at least one element comprising calcium, silicon, iron, potassium, aluminum, and sulfur.
12. The method of claim 10 , comprising determining an apparent borehole weight concentration based at least in part on a combination of the first energy spectrum and the second energy spectrum, wherein the elemental concentration is determined based at least in part on the apparent borehole weight concentration.
13. The method of claim 12 , comprising filtering the apparent borehole weight concentration to generate a filtered apparent borehole weight concentration, wherein the elemental concentration is determined based at least in part on the filtered apparent borehole weight concentration.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the photons are detected during a time period defined by timing gates occurring during a pulsing scheme of the neutron generator, operatively controlled by a processor.
15. A method for determining an elemental concentration in a geological formation, comprising:
emitting neutrons, from a neutron generator, placed into the borehole in the geological formation, to cause capture and inelastic scattering events that generate photons;
detecting, using one or more detectors, the photons associated with the capture events to generate a plurality of independent measurements, wherein a first independent measurement of the plurality of independent measurements comprises early capture measurements and wherein a second independent measurement of the plurality of independent measurements comprises late capture measurements;
acquiring a first energy spectrum which contains at least in part the first independent measurement;
acquiring a second energy spectrum which contains at least in part the second independent measurement; and
determining the elemental concentration based at least in part on a combination of the first energy spectrum and the second energy spectrum.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the elemental concentration relates to an element present in both the geological formation and cement present in the borehole of the geological formation.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the energy spectra contain gamma rays from chlorine.
18. The method of claim 15 , comprising determining an apparent borehole element weight concentration based at least in part on an additional combination of at least two of the plurality of element yields, wherein the elemental concentration is determined based at least in part on the apparent borehole weight concentration.