Solid electrolytic capacitor containing an interfacial coating
A solid electrolytic capacitor containing a capacitor element is provided. The capacitor element contains a sintered porous anode body, a dielectric that overlies the anode body, and a solid electrolyte that overlies the dielectric. An anode lead extends from the front surface of the capacitor element in the longitudinal direction. An anode termination is in contact with the anode lead at a connection region, wherein the ratio of the distance between the connection region and the front surface of the capacitor element to the length of the capacitor is 0.13 or more. A cathode termination is in electrical connection with the solid electrolyte and a casing material encapsulates the capacitor element and anode lead. Further, an interfacial coating that is disposed on at least a portion of the anode termination and/or cathode termination and is in contact with the casing material.
1 . A solid electrolytic capacitor having a length in a longitudinal direction, comprising:
a capacitor element having opposing front and rear surfaces, opposing upper and lower surfaces, and opposing side surfaces, wherein the capacitor element contains a sintered porous anode body that includes tantalum, a dielectric that includes tantalum pentoxide and that overlies the anode, a solid electrolyte that overlies the dielectric, and an external coating that overlies the solid electrolyte, wherein the solid electrolyte includes one or more inner layers containing an intrinsically conductive thiophene polymer and one or more outer layers containing pre-polymerized extrinsically conductive thiophene polymer particles and a polymeric counterion, and further wherein the external coating contains an extrinsically conductive thiophene polymer, a polymeric cation, and a cross-linking agent;
an anode lead extending from the front surface of the capacitor element in the longitudinal direction, wherein the anode lead is a wire, wherein at least a portion of the wire that is adjacent to the front surface of the capacitor element is free of any thiophene polymer from the solid electrolyte or the external coating;
an anode termination that is in contact with the anode lead at a connection region, wherein a distance between the connection region and the front surface of the capacitor element is from about 1 to about 2 millimeters, and further wherein the ratio of the distance between the connection region and the front surface of the capacitor element to the length of the capacitor is about 0.15 to about 0.5;
a cathode termination that is in electrical connection with the solid electrolyte;
a casing material containing a resinous matrix that includes an epoxy resin and an inorganic oxide filler, wherein the casing material encapsulates the capacitor element and anode lead and leaves exposed at least a portion of the anode termination and cathode termination for external contact; and
an interfacial coating that includes a fluoropolymer formed from a fluoroalkyl (meth)acrylate, wherein the interfacial coating is in contact with the casing material;
wherein the solid electrolytic capacitor demonstrates an initial equivalent series resistance of about 200 mohms or less when measured at a frequency of 100 kHz and a temperature of about 23° C. and an initial capacitance of about 30 nanoFarads per square centimeter or more when measured at a frequency of 120 Hz and a temperature of about 23° C., further wherein the solid electrolytic capacitor has a ratio of an equivalent series resistance and a capacitance after being exposed to a temperature of about 125° C. for 240 hours to the initial equivalent series resistance and the initial capacitance of about 2.0 or less.
2 . The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the length of the capacitor is from about 2 to about 15 millimeters.
3 . The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the resinous matrix contains a polycyanate containing at least two cyanate ester groups.
4 . The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the capacitor element further comprises a cathode coating that contains a metal particle layer that overlies the solid electrolyte, wherein the metal particle layer includes a plurality of conductive metal particles.
5 . The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 4 , wherein the metal particles include silver.
6 . The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the extrinsically conductive thiophene polymer of the outer layers, the external coating, or both have repeating units of the following formula:
wherein,
R 7 is a linear or branched, C 1 to C 18 alkyl radical, C 5 to C 12 cycloalkyl radical, C 6 to C 14 aryl radical, C 7 to C 18 aralkyl radical, or a combination thereof; and
q is an integer from 0 to 8.
7 . The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 6 , wherein the extrinsically conductive thiophene polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or a derivative thereof.
8 . The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the intrinsically conductive thiophene polymer has repeating units of the following formula:
wherein,
R is (CH 2 ) n —O—(CH 2 ) b -L, where L is a bond or HC([CH 2 ] c (H);
a is from 1 to 4;
b is from 2 to 6;
c is from 0 to 10; and
X is a cation.
9 . The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the capacitor is formed by a process that includes subjecting the wire to a laser cleaning process to remove any conductive polymer from the solid electrolyte or the external coating from at least a portion of the wire.