Closed loop print process adjustment based on real time feedback
In some embodiments, a photoreactive 3D printing system and methods comprise providing a system with a resin tub comprising a membrane, wherein the membrane rests on a physical tension element such that increasing downward force on the resin tub induces increasing tension on the membrane. The system also comprises a plurality of sensors comprising a resin bulk temperature sensor, and a print recipe comprising information for each layer in a 3D printed part to be built on the print platform. In some embodiments, a resin bulk temperature is measured, and the information in the print recipe, including information related to the downward force on the resin tub, is updated during a printing run based on the resin bulk temperature measurement. In some embodiments, the print recipe can be updated during a printing run based on input from at least two sensors of the plurality of sensors.
1. A method, comprising:
providing a photoreactive 3D printing system, the system comprising:
a chassis;
an elevator system movably coupled to the chassis, wherein the elevator system comprises elevator arms;
a print platform mounted to the elevator arms;
a resin tub, wherein the resin tub comprises a membrane, and the membrane rests on a physical tension element such that an increasing downward force on the resin tub induces an increasing tension on the membrane;
a membrane tension apparatus which applies a downward force on the resin tub;
a resin pool confined by the resin tub and the membrane;
an illumination system;
a plurality of sensors comprising a resin bulk temperature sensor; and
a print recipe comprising information for layers in a 3D printed part to be built on the print platform, wherein the print recipe comprises one or more of build geometry, illumination energy, exposure time per layer, wait time between layers, print platform position, print platform velocity, print platform acceleration, resin tub position, resin tub force, resin chemical reactivity, and resin viscosity;
projecting an image through the membrane and focused at a polymer interface located within the resin pool using the illumination system;
moving the print platform in a z-direction with the print platform velocity and the print platform acceleration using the elevator system;
applying a downward force to the resin tub to induce a membrane tension on the membrane;
measuring a resin bulk temperature in the resin pool using the resin bulk temperature sensor; and
updating the print platform velocity and the print platform acceleration in the print recipe during a printing run based on the resin bulk temperature of the resin pool.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprises:
a resin tub vertical displacement sensor; and
an elevator arm load sensor; and
the method further comprises:
measuring a load on the elevator arm using the elevator arm load sensor;
measuring a resin tub vertical displacement using the resin tub vertical displacement sensor; and
updating the resin tub position and the resin tub force in the print recipe during the printing run based on the load on the elevator arm, the resin tub vertical displacement, and the resin bulk temperature.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the resin tub position and the resin tub force are adjusted to reduce the tension on the membrane when the photoreactive 3D printing system is not in an active printing mode.
4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
updating the resin viscosity in the print recipe during the printing run based on the load on the elevator arm, the resin tub vertical displacement, and the resin bulk temperature.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the membrane tension apparatus comprises pneumatic cylinders.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising updating the resin chemical reactivity in the print recipe during the printing run based on the resin bulk temperature.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprises:
a thermal imaging system; and
the method further comprises:
measuring a temperature distribution of the polymer interface using the thermal imaging system; and
updating the illumination energy in the print recipe during the printing run based on the resin bulk temperature and the temperature distribution of the polymer interface.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the updating the illumination energy in the print recipe during the printing run comprises updating an operating global energy level.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the updating the illumination energy in the print recipe during the printing run comprises updating the illumination energy in a plurality of pixels, wherein the illumination energy for each pixel is adjusted individually.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the illumination energy in the print recipe is updated during the printing run based on the resin bulk temperature and the temperature distribution of the polymer interface to reduce exposure time per layer or wait time between layers compared to the exposure time per layer when the illumination energy in the print recipe is not updated during the printing run.