Systems and methods for control of gene expression
Embodiments disclosed herein provide artificial expression systems comprising multivalent transcription factor complexes for cooperative transcription factor assembly and modulating gene expression. More specifically, engineered synthetic transcription factors are recruited and structurally organized on synthetic gene circuits using molecular clamps, where the strength of intra-complex interactions can be modulated for fine tuning of gene expression as desired.
1. A three-level system for fine-tuning gene expression comprising:
(a) at least two synthetic transcription factors (sTF), each sTF comprising:
a. at least one ligand,
b. a DNA binding domain (DBD) and
c. a transcription activator (TA) domain or transcriptional repressor (TR) domain, wherein the DBD can bind to at least one target DNA binding motif (DBM) located upstream of a promoter operatively linked to a gene, and
(b) a molecular clamp comprising n ligand binding domains (LBD), wherein each ligand binding domain comprises a PDZ domain and is connected to at least one other LBD by a linker, wherein each LBD of the molecular clamp binds to at least one ligand of the each sTF; wherein n is an integer between 2 and 50;
wherein when the molecular clamp and at least two sTF are both present in a cell, each ligand binding domain of the molecular clamp binds to at least one ligand of each sTF,
wherein when a TA domain is present, the TA domain recruits the RNA pol II machinery to the promoter, thereby turning on gene expression, and wherein when a TR domain is present, the TR domain prevents RNA pol II machinery from binding to the promoter, thereby inhibiting gene expression, and
wherein expression is fine-tuned by the following:
i. number of LBDs and number of TFs;
ii. binding affinity of the LBD of the molecular clamp for the ligand on each of the sTFs; and
iii. binding affinity of the DBD of each of the sTFs for the DBM located upstream of the promoter.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the linker is a flexible linker or comprises a flexible glycine-serine (GS) linker repeat sequence.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the GS linker repeat sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56 is repeated 2-25 times.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ligand is a peptide ligand and the ligand binding domain (LBD) is a protein binding domain.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the PDZ domain is a syntrophin PDZ domain, and the ligand is selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 132, SEQ ID NO: 23, and SEQ ID NO: 8.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the PDZ domain is an erbin PDZ domain, and the ligand is selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, and SEQ ID NO: 134.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or between 6-10.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the DNA binding domain (DBD) is an engineered zinc finger binding domain.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the DBD is selected from one or more of any of: SEQ ID NOs: 123-124, 125-126, 135, and 136-143, or wherein the DBD binds to DNA binding motifs (DBM) comprising any of: SEQ ID NOs: 99-108 or SEQ ID NO: 131 or any combination thereof.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the TA domain is VP16 minimal activation domain.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein molecular clamp has the general formula of: [(X) n (Y)] m , where each X is the same or a different ligand binding domain (LBD), wherein the molecular clamp comprises n ligand binding domains (LBD), wherein n is selected from any of: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, where Y is a linker peptide, and where m is an integer from 2 to about 50.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein molecular clamp comprises: NLS-[LBD-linker]n-LBD, where n is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sTF comprises:
a. a ligand,
b. at least one DNA binding domain (DBD), and
c. a transcriptional activator (TA) domain or a transcriptional repressor (TR) domain, and
wherein the DBD can bind to a target DNA binding motif (DBM) located upstream of a promoter operatively linked to a gene, and wherein the ligand is configured to specifically bind to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the molecular clamp of the system of claim 1 .
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the at least one DNA binding domain (DBD) is selected from:
(i) an engineered zinc finger binding domain,
(ii) a zinc finger binding domain which comprises at least one mutation compared to a wild-type zinc finger domain, or
(iii) triple repeat zinc finger array.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the DBD is selected from one or more of any of: SEQ ID NOs: 123-124, 125-126, 135, and 136-143, or wherein the DBD binds to DNA binding motifs (DBM) comprising any of: SEQ ID NOs: 99-108 or SEQ ID NO: 131 or any combination thereof.
16. The system of claim 13 , wherein the TA domain is selected from any of: VP16, VP64 and p65.
17. The system of claim 13 , wherein the ligand is
a. located at the C-terminal end of the sTF, and
b. selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 132, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, and SEQ ID NO: 134.
18. The system of claim 1 , wherein the binding affinity of the LBD of the molecular clamp for the ligand on each of the sTFs is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a high affinity between 0.01 μM to 1 μM; and
(b) a low affinity between 1 μM to 100 μM.