Sterilization method and apparatus
Disclosed is a method of sterilizing an article by sequentially exposing the article under vacuum first to a gaseous conditioning agent for forming radicals and then to a sterilant. The preferred conditioning agent is hydrogen peroxide and the preferred sterilant is ozone. The chamber is initially evacuated to a first vacuum pressure and then sealed for the remainder of the sterilization process and during all sterilant injection cycles, without removal of any component of the sterilization atmosphere, which means without any measures to reduce the water vapor content. Keeping the chamber sealed and maintaining the conditioning agent and the radicals generated thereby in the chamber for the sterilization with sterilant results in a synergistic increase in the sterilization efficiency and allows for the use of much lower sterilant amounts and sterilization cycle times than would be expected from using the conditioning agent and the sterilant in combination.
1. A method for sterilizing an article in a sealable sterilization chamber, comprising the steps of
a. placing the article into the sterilization chamber,
b. sealing the sterilization chamber,
c. applying to the sealed sterilization chamber a vacuum of a first pressure,
d. injecting into the sealed sterilization chamber at the first pressure a gaseous conditioning agent other than hydrogen peroxide for forming free radicals, the conditioning agent being selected from the group of acidic water, carbonated water, peracetic acid, acetic acid, alcohol, ethanol or methanol,
e. continuing to maintain the sterilization chamber sealed for a first exposure period,
f. injecting into the sealed sterilization chamber, after the first exposure period, a sterilant gas for creating or regenerating the free radicals in the sealed sterilization chamber,
g. maintaining the sterilization chamber sealed for a second exposure period,
h. evacuating the sterilization chamber at the end of the second exposure period for removing all residual sterilant gas from the sterilization chamber,
i. returning the sterilization chamber to atmospheric pressure, and
j. removing the sterilized article from the sterilization chamber.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sterilant gas is ozone, nitrogen oxide or chlorine dioxide.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein after step c) removal of any component of the sterilization atmosphere is interrupted until the end of the second exposure period.
4. The method of claim 1 where steps c) to h) are repeated at least once.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first pressure is about 1 Torr.