Heater cable having a tapered profile
A self-regulating heater cable includes a PTC core formed of positive temperature coefficient material and disposed in electrical contact with at least two bus wires. The PTC core may encapsulate the bus wires and space the bus wires apart a predetermined distance via a connecting portion of the PTC core. The connecting portion has a tapered profile, and is thinner at the ends approximate the bus wires and thicker in a portion between the ends, which portion may be toward or at the center of the connecting portion. The thicknesses of the ends and the thicker portion are selected to produce a ratio that is within a range at which the heater cable produces heat at its outer surface with a substantially uniform profile, and primary heat generation of the heater cable has not shifted from the center of the connecting portion to the ends of the connecting portion.
1. A self-regulating heater cable comprising:
a heating element including a first bus wire and a second bus wire both encapsulated by a single monolithic positive temperature coefficient (PTC) core having a connecting portion that extends between and spaces apart the first and second bus wires, a first end of the connecting portion having a first thickness approximate the first bus wire, a second end of the connecting portion having the first thickness approximate the second bus wire, and a center of the connecting portion having a second thickness, the second thickness being greater than the first thickness, and the connecting portion being tapered from the first end to the center along a first substantially planar surface.
2. The self-regulating heater cable of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the second thickness to the first thickness is at least 1.3.
3. The self-regulating heater cable of claim 1 , wherein the connecting portion tapers from the second end to the center along a second substantially planar surface, wherein the first substantially planar surface and the second substantially planar surface meet to form a first edge at the center of the connecting portion.
4. The self-regulating heater cable of claim 3 , wherein the connecting portion tapers from the first end to the center along a third substantially planar surface of the connecting portion, the connecting portion tapers from the second end to the center along a fourth substantially planar surface of the connecting portion, and the third substantially planar surface and the second substantially planar surface meet to form a second edge at the center of the connecting portion.
5. The self-regulating heater cable of claim 1 , further comprising a third bus wire encapsulated by the single monolithic PTC core, the single monolithic PTC core having a second connecting portion that extends between and spaces apart the second and third bus wires.
6. The self-regulating heater cable of claim 1 , wherein the first thickness and the second thickness are selected such that a ratio between the first thickness and the second thickness is below a threshold at which primary heat generation of the self-regulating heater cable shifts from the center of the connecting portion to one or both of the first end and the second end of the connecting portion.
7. A heater cable comprising:
a first bus wire;
a second bus wire; and
a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) core in contact with each of the first and second bus wires, the PTC core including a connecting portion extending between the first and second bus wires, wherein a first end of the connecting portion located adjacent to the first bus wire has a first thickness that is greater than a second thickness of a center portion of the connecting portion, and wherein the connecting portion includes a substantially planar taper extending from the first end to the center portion.
8. The heater cable of claim 7 , wherein a ratio of the first thickness to the second thickness is greater than approximately 1.3.
9. The heater cable of claim 8 , wherein the ratio is further less than approximately 5.0.
10. The heater cable of claim 7 , wherein a ratio of the first thickness to the second thickness is within a range at which:
the heater cable produces heat at an outer surface of the heater cable with a substantially uniform profile when electric current is applied to at least one of the first and second bus wires; and
primary heat generation of the heater cable is not shifted to one or more ends of the connecting portion.
11. The heater cable of claim 7 , further comprising:
a first polymer jacket disposed about the PTC core;
a ground plane layer disposed about the first polymer jacket; and
a second polymer jacket disposed about the ground plane layer.
12. The heater cable of claim 7 , wherein the substantially planar taper comprises a first substantially planar taper, wherein the first substantially planar taper extends to an upper edge of the center portion, and wherein the connecting portion includes a second substantially planar taper extending from a second end of the connecting portion to the upper edge of the center portion.
13. The heater cable of claim 12 , wherein the connecting portion includes a third substantially planar taper extending from the first end to a lower edge of the center portion, and a fourth substantially planar taper extending from the second end to the lower edge of the center portion.
14. The heater cable of claim 7 , further comprising:
a third bus wire in contact with the PTC core, wherein the PTC core includes a second connecting portion that extends between the third bus wire and the second bus wire, the second connecting portion having a tapered cross-sectional profile.
15. The heater cable of claim 14 , wherein the first, second, and third bus wires are arranged in a flat configuration with equal spacing between the first and second bus wires and between the second and third bus wires.
16. A method of manufacturing a heater cable, the method comprising:
forming a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material disposed in electrical contact with at least two bus wires to produce a heating element having a connecting portion of PTC material extending between a first bus wire and a second bus wire of the at least two bus wires; and
forming a tapered cross-sectional profile in the connecting portion, wherein the tapered cross-sectional profile produces a first thickness in a first end and a second end of the connecting portion, and produces a second thickness in a center of the connecting portion between the first end and the second end, wherein the second thickness is greater than the first thickness, and wherein the tapered cross-sectional profile is substantially planar between the first end and the center.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein forming the tapered cross-sectional profile comprises producing the second thickness and the first thickness at a ratio greater than approximately 1.3.
18. The method of claim 16 , comprising:
forming the at least two bus wires separately from the PTC material; and
joining the at least two bus wires with the formed PTC material to produce the heating element.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein forming the PTC material into electrical contact with the at least two bus wires comprises passing the at least two bus wires and the PTC material through an extruder mold having a tapered extrusion mold profile designed to create the tapered cross-sectional profile.