Elongate SiC fuel elements
An elongate fuel element is described that has a silicon carbide cladding enclosing a fuel, such as UO 2 , wherein the fuel is dimensioned relative to the cladding to define gaps at each lateral end of the enclosure sufficiently large such that upon swelling in use, the fuel does not increase the strain on the cladding beyond the limits of the claddings strain tolerance. The lateral gaps at the ends of the fuel allow lateral expansion during swelling that reduces the strain on the cladding.
1. An elongate plate fuel element for use in a nuclear reactor comprising:
a silicon carbide cladding comprising:
two opposing elongated walls; and
two opposing end walls;
wherein the elongated walls and the end walls define a rectangular enclosure, the rectangular enclosure having an enclosure length from end wall to end wall, an enclosure width from elongated wall to elongated wall, and an enclosure height defined by a height of the elongated walls and the end walls; and
wherein the enclosure width is shorter than the enclosure length and shorter than the enclosure height; and
nuclear fuel positioned within the rectangular enclosure, the fuel comprising:
two elongated surfaces; and
two end surfaces;
wherein the fuel has a fuel length from end surface to end surface and a fuel width from elongated surface to elongated surface; and
wherein the fuel width is shorter than the fuel length;
wherein each of the two elongated surfaces, prior to swelling in use, are minimally spaced at a first distance from, and in a facing relationship to, a different one of the elongated walls of the cladding, and each of the end surfaces, prior to swelling in use, are spaced at a second distance from, and in facing relationship to, a different one of the end walls of the cladding; and
wherein the second distance is greater than the first distance, and the first and second distances are dimensioned such that, in use, when the fuel swells, the swollen fuel swells beyond the first distance and up to but not beyond the second distance to deform the elongated walls of the cladding without deforming the end walls of the cladding and without straining the cladding more than 0.1%.
2. The fuel element recited in claim 1 wherein the fuel is selected from the group consisting of UO 2 , U 3 Si 2 , UN and a uranium alloy.
3. The fuel element recited in claim 1 wherein the fuel is UO 2 .
4. The fuel element recited in claim 1 wherein the fuel is configured in cross-section in an elliptical shape defining a vertex at each of the shorter end surfaces and two convexly curved elongated surfaces, the elliptical shape having a major axis extending from vertex to vertex, and a minor axis perpendicular to the major axis.
5. The fuel element recited in claim 4 wherein each convexly curved elongated surface defines a co-vertex at the minor axis and curves from the co-vertex to, and meets, each vertex, and the first distance is smallest between the co-vertexes and the elongate walls of the cladding.
6. The fuel element recited in claim 1 wherein, prior to deformation in use, the elongate walls of the cladding curve concavely inwardly towards the fuel, and in use, are deformed outwardly.
7. The fuel element recited in claim 6 wherein, prior to swelling in use, the elongate surfaces of the fuel curve concavely inwardly towards each other, and in use, swell outwardly to form a convexly curved elongated surfaces that extend beyond the first distance to deform the elongate walls of the cladding.
8. The fuel element recited in claim 7 wherein, prior to swelling in use, the end surfaces of the fuel are flat, and in use, swell outwardly to form convexly curved end surfaces.
9. The fuel element recited in claim 7 wherein, prior to swelling in use, the end surfaces of the fuel are flat, and in use, the end surfaces remain flat.
10. The fuel element recited in claim 6 wherein, prior to swelling in use, the end walls of the cladding are flat.
11. The fuel element recited in claim 10 wherein, in use, the end walls remain flat.
12. The fuel element recited in claim 1 wherein the end walls of the cladding are thicker in cross-section than the elongated walls of the cladding.
13. The fuel element recited in claim 1 wherein the strain on the cladding due to swelling of the fuel is no more than 0.05%.
14. The fuel element recited in claim 1 wherein, prior to swelling in use, the elongate surfaces of the fuel curve concavely inwardly towards each other, and in use, swell outwardly to form a convexly curved elongated surfaces that extend beyond the first distance to deform the elongate walls of the cladding, the fuel having a major axis extending from end surface to end surface, and a minor axis perpendicular to the major axis.
15. The fuel element recited in claim 14 wherein each concavely curved surface defines a co-vertex at the minor axis and curves from the co-vertex to, and meets, each end surface.
16. The fuel element recited in claim 15 wherein, prior to swelling in use, the end surfaces of the fuel define flat surfaces, and in use, swell outwardly to form convexly curved end surfaces.
17. The fuel element recited in claim 15 wherein, prior to swelling in use, the end surfaces of the fuel define flat surfaces, and in use, the end surfaces remain flat.
18. The fuel element recited in claim 1 wherein, prior to swelling in use, the fuel is configured in cross-section in a rectilinear shape defining flat end surfaces and flat elongated surfaces, the rectilinear shape having a major axis extending from end surface to end surface, and a minor axis perpendicular to the major axis.
19. The fuel element recited in claim 18 wherein, in use, the fuel swells outwardly along both the major and minor axes to form, in cross-section, an elliptical configuration.
20. The fuel element recited in claim 18 wherein, prior to swelling in use, the cladding is configured in cross-section in a rectilinear shape defining flat end walls and flat elongated walls, the elongated walls deforming outwardly when in use, the fuel swells.