Anthelmintic depsipeptide compounds

1. An anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of formula (I):

or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

Cy 1 and Cy 2 are independently aryl, carbocyclic, heteroaryl or heterocyclic optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF 5 , R 5 S(O)—, R 5 S(O) 2 —, R 5 C(O)—, R 5 R 6 NC(O)—, R 5 R 6 NC(O)NR 5 —, R 5 OC(O)—, R 5 C(O)O—, R 5 C(O)NR 6 —, —CN, —NO 2 , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF 5 , R 5 S(O)—, R 5 S(O) 2 —, R 5 C(O)—, R 5 R 6 NC(O)—, R 5 OC(O)—, R 5 C(O)O—, R 5 C(O)NR 6 —, —CN and —NO 2 ;

R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, thioalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, or the group —CH 2 C(O)NHCH 2 CF 3 ; or R 5 and R 6 together with the atom(s) to which they are bonded form a C3-C6 cyclic group;

R′, R″, R′″ and R″″ are each independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 alkyl;

R a and R b are independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl or C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl; and

(a) R 1 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(b) R 2 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(c) R 3 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

R 1 , R 2 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(d) R 4 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(e) R 1 and R 2 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(f) R 1 and R 3 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

R 2 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(g) R 1 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

R 2 and R 3 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(h) R 2 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

R 1 and R 3 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(i) R 2 and R 3 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

R 1 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(j) R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

R 1 and R 2 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(k) R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

R 4 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(l) R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

R 1 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(m) R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

R 2 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(n) R 1 , R 2 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

R 3 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(o) R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen; and

wherein the carbon atoms bearing the groups —CH 2 -Cy 1 , —CH 2 -Cy 2 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R a and R b have the stereochemical configurations in one of the entries presented in Table 1 below:

TABLE 1

Entry

—CH 2 -Cy 1

—CH 2 -Cy 2

R 1

R 2

R 3

R 4

R a

R b

1

(S)

(R)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(R)

(R)

2

(R)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(R)

(R)

3

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(R)

(R)

4

(S)

(R)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(R)

5

(R)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(R)

6

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(R)

7

(R)

(R)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(R)

8

(S)

(R)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(R)

(S)

9

(R)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(R)

(S)

10

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(R)

(S)

11

(R)

(R)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(R)

(S)

12

(S)

(R)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

13

(R)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

14

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

15

(R)

(R)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

(S)

 (S).

2. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 1 , wherein the stereochemical configuration of the carbon atoms bearing the groups —CH 2 -Cy 1 and —CH 2 -Cy 2 is the configuration 1, 2 or 3 shown in the table below:

Entry

—CH 2 -Cy 1

—CH 2 -Cy 2

1

(S)

(R)

2

(R)

(S)

3

(S)

(S);

the stereochemical configuration of the carbon atoms bearing R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 is the (S)-configuration; and

the stereochemical configuration of the carbon atoms bearing R a and R b is the (R)-configuration.

3. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 1 , wherein the stereochemical configuration of carbon atoms bearing the groups —CH 2 -Cy 1 , —CH 2 -Cy 2 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 is the (S)-configuration, and the stereochemical configuration of the carbon atoms bearing R a and R b is the (R)-configuration.

4. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of any one of claim 1 , wherein

(f) R 1 and R 3 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro; and

R 2 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(h) R 2 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro; and

R 1 and R 3 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(e) R 1 and R 2 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro; and

R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(g) R 1 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro; and

R 2 and R 3 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(i) R 2 and R 3 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro; and

R 1 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(j) R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro; and

R 1 and R 2 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl.

5. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of any one of claim 1 , wherein

(a) R 1 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro; and

R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(b) R 2 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro; and

R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(c) R 3 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro; and

R 1 , R 2 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(d) R 4 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro; and

R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl.

6. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of any one of claim 1 , wherein

(k) R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro; and

R 4 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(l) R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro; and

R 1 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(m) R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro; and

R 2 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl; or

(n) R 1 , R 2 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro; and

R 3 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl.

7. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of any one of claim 1 , wherein

(o) R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro.

8. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 4 , wherein R 1 and R 3 are C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by fluoro.

9. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 4 , wherein R 2 and R 4 are C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted by fluoro.

10. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 1 , wherein halogen is fluoro.

11. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 1 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently G-1:

wherein R 1A , R 1B , R 1C , R 1D and R 1E are independently hydrogen, halogen, C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 haloalkyl.

12. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 11 , wherein:

R 1A , R 1B , and R 1C are independently hydrogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl or fluoro; and

R 1D and R 1E are independently hydrogen, methyl or fluoro.

13. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 12 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is G-1 wherein R 1A is fluoro; and R 1D and R 1E are hydrogen.

14. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 12 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is G-1 wherein:

R 1A , R 1B , and R 1C are independently methyl or fluoro; and

R 1D and R 1E are independently hydrogen or fluoro.

15. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are CH 2 F, CHF 2 or CF 3 .

16. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 1 , wherein Cy 1 and Cy 2 are independently phenyl, a 5-membered or a 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF 5 , R 5 S(O)—, R 5 S(O) 2 —, R 5 C(O)—, R 5 R 6 NC(O)—, R 5 R 6 NC(O)NR 5 —, R 5 OC(O)—, R 5 C(O)O—, R 5 C(O)NR 6 —, —CN, —NO 2 , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF 5 , R 5 S(O)—, R 5 S(O) 2 —, R 5 C(O)—, R 5 R 6 NC(O)—, R 5 R 6 NC(O)NR 5 —, R 5 OC(O)—, R 5 C(O)O—, R 5 C(O)NR 6 —, —CN and —NO 2 .

17. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 16 , wherein Cy 1 and Cy 2 are independently phenyl, a 5-membered or a six-membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen, —CN, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, R 5 R 6 NC(O)— and heterocyclyl.

18. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 17 , wherein Cy 1 and Cy 2 are independently phenyl, a 5-membered or a six-membered heteroaryl substituted with heterocyclyl, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylthio or cyano.

19. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 18 , wherein Cy 1 and Cy 2 are independently phenyl, a 5-membered heteroaryl or pyridinyl substituted with morpholinyl or tetrahydropyranyl.

20. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 17 , wherein Cy 1 and Cy 2 are independently phenyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or tetrazinyl independently optionally substituted with R 5 R 6 NC(O)—, wherein R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen, —CH 2 C(O)NHCH 2 CF 3 or R 5 and R 6 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded together form a C 3 -C 6 cyclic amine.

21. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 1 , wherein Cy 1 and Cy 2 are independently R1 to R8:

wherein Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Y 6 , Y 7 , Y 8 and Y 9 are each independently C, CH or N; and X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 and X 7 are independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF 5 , R 5 S(O)—, R 5 S(O) 2 —, R 5 C(O)—, R 5 R 6 NC(O)—, R 5 R 6 NC(O)NR 5 —, R 5 OC(O)—, R 5 C(O)O—, R 5 C(O)NR 6 —, —CN, —NO 2 , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF 5 , R 5 S(O)—, R 5 S(O) 2 —, R 5 C(O)—, R 5 R 6 NC(O)—, R 5 R 6 NC(O)NR 5 —, R 5 OC(O)—, R 5 C(O)O—, R 5 C(O)NR 6 —, —CN and —NO 2 .

22. An anthelmintic veterinary composition comprising an effective amount of an anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a veterinarily acceptable carrier.

23. An anthelmintic veterinary composition comprising an effective amount of an anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a second parasiticidal active agent and a veterinarily acceptable carrier.

24. A method for the treatment or prevention of a parasitic infection or infestation in an animal comprising administering to the animal a parasiticidally effective amount of the anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salt thereof, to the animal.

25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the method prevents a parasitic infection by Dirofilaria immitis.

26. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 8 , wherein R 1 and R 3 are —CH 2 CF(CH 3 ) 2 ; and R 2 and R 4 are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

27. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 9 , wherein R 2 and R 4 are —CH 2 CF(CH 3 ) 2 ; and R 1 and R 3 are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

28. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 26 , where Cy 1 and Cy 2 are independently phenyl substituted with tert-butyl, CF 3 , morpholinyl or tetrahydropyranyl.

29. The anthelmintic cyclic depsipeptide of claim 27 , where Cy 1 and Cy 2 are independently phenyl substituted with tert-butyl, CF 3 , morpholinyl or tetrahydropyranyl.