Hybrid fiber based molding thermoplastic article and process of forming same
A process is provided for thermal molding an article with at least one layer of thermoplastic fibers that are non-woven and uni-directionally oriented in combination with at least one layer of reinforcing fibers. The reinforcing fibers including glass, carbon, nature based, and combinations thereof; alone or mixed with chopped thermoplastic fibers. Upon subjecting the layers to sufficient heat to thermally bond in the presence of non-oriented filler fibers, thermoplastic fiber fusion encapsulates the filler fibers. The filler fibers impart physical properties to the resulting article and the residual unidirectional orientation of the thermoplastic melt imparts physical properties in the fiber direction to the article. By combining layers with varying orientations of uni-directional fibers relative to one another, the physical properties of the resulting article may be controlled and extended relative to conventional thermoplastic moldings. The uni-directional fibers may have discontinuities along the length of individual fibers.
1. A stack comprising:
at least one layer of non-oriented fibers comprising glass fibers having diameters of 0.03 to 0.5 millimeters (mm), carbon fibers having diameters of 0.005 to 0.1 mm, and natural filler fibers having diameters of 0.01 to 0.3 mm, or a combination thereof; and
at least two layers of uni-directional and non-woven individual thermoplastic fibers composed of a first thermoplastic fiber having a length and a diameter, the first thermoplastic fiber being any of polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon polyamides, polyimides, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polycarbonates, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or a copolymer or mixture thereof, wherein said at least two layers of uni-directional non-woven thermoplastic fibers include a discontinuity in the length, each of the at least two layers having a zero angle defined by a long axis of an article;
wherein said at least two layers of uni-directional and non-woven individual thermoplastic fibers make up between 40 and 98 total weight percent of the stack fiber content; and
wherein said at least two layers of uni-directional non-woven thermoplastic fibers are angularly displaced from one another relative to the long axis to define a central mirror plane therebetween or a multiplanar pattern when said at least two layers are four layers.
2. The stack of claim 1 wherein said at least two layers of uni-directional non-woven thermoplastic fibers includes substitute fibers of at least one of a glass fiber, a carbon fiber, or a second thermoplastic fiber.
3. The stack of claim 1 wherein the discontinuity has a linear extent of from 0.001 mm to 5% of the length.
4. The stack of claim 1 wherein a plurality of the thermoplastic fibers each have one or more discontinuities in the length.
5. The stack of claim 1 wherein the length of the first thermoplastic fiber is between 0.5 and 3,000 cm.
6. The stack of claim 1 wherein the diameter of the first thermoplastic fiber is between 0.01 and 0.7 mm.
7. The stack of claim 1 further comprising at least one retainer line along the length.
8. The stack of claim 1 wherein said at least one layer of non-oriented fibers is interspersed between said at least two layers of uni-directional non-woven thermoplastic fibers.
9. The stack of claim 1 further comprising at least filler of microspheres, aluminum nitride, alumina, boron nitride, carbon black or graphite.
10. A stack comprising:
at least one layer of non-oriented fibers comprising glass fibers having diameters of 0.03 to 0.5 millimeters (mm), carbon fibers having diameters of 0.005 to 0.1 mm, and natural filler fibers having diameters of 0.01 to 0.3 mm, or a combination thereof; and
at least two layers of uni-directional and non-woven individual thermoplastic fibers each of the at least two layers having a zero angle defined by a long axis of the article, said at least two layers composed of a first thermoplastic fiber having a length and a diameter, the first thermoplastic fiber being any of polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon polyamides, polyimides, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polycarbonates, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or a copolymer or mixture thereof, wherein each of the at least two layers of uni-directional and non-woven thermoplastic fibers include at least one retainer line that intersects the individual thermoplastic fibers;
wherein said at least two layers of uni-directional and non-woven individual thermoplastic fibers make up between 40 and 98 total weight percent of the stack fiber content; and
wherein said at least two layers of uni-directional non-woven thermoplastic fibers are angularly displaced from one another relative to the long axis to define a central mirror plane therebetween or a multiplanar pattern when said at least two layers are four layers.