Use of at least one phenolic compound to stabilise ethylene copolymerisation reactions
A method of stabilizing radical ethylene copolymerization reactions for approximately 5 to 10 minutes, the method including using a phenolic compound with other comonomers and performing the radical ethylene copolymerization reactions at high pressure. Also, a method of preparing an ethylene copolymer at high pressure in the presence of one or more phenolic compounds, as defined below, and one or more initiators.
1. A method of stabilizing radical ethylene copolymerization reactions for approximately 5 to 10 minutes, the method comprising using a phenolic compound with other comonomers, wherein the phenolic compound possesses a structure according to Formula (I):
wherein:
R 1 represents:
a hydrogen atom;
a linear C 1 -C 8 alkyl radical;
a linear C 1 -C 8 hydroxyalkyl radical; or
a hydroxy group;
R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 , identical or different, represent:
a hydrogen atom;
a C 1 -C 8 alkyl radical, linear or branched, optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy radicals;
a C 1 -C 8 alkoxy radical, linear or branched, optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy radicals; or
a hydroxy group, and
it being understood that R 4 and R 5 can together form a five- or six-member cycle comprising an oxygen atom; said cycle being substituted by a C 1 -C 17 alkyl radical, linear or branched;
wherein the other comonomers comprise unsaturated carboxylic acid esters (or their salts), and optionally at least one other comonomer selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid anhydrides, vinyl esters, alpha-olefins, unsaturated carboxylic acids, derivatives of (meth)acrylic acid, vinyl ethers, aromatic vinyl compounds, carbon monoxide, and mixtures thereof;
wherein the unsaturated carboxylic acid esters include a C 1 -C 24 (meth)alkyl acrylate and a (meth)acrylate possessing an epoxy group;
wherein the method further comprises performing the radical ethylene copolymerization reactions at a high pressure in the presence of one or more initiators,
wherein the method further includes a step of introducing a reaction mixture comprising ethylene and the comonomers into a reactor with a residence time of 30 to approximately 50 seconds and does not include a step in which the comonomers are preheated prior to the introduction of said one or more initiators, and
wherein the method limits the decomposition of the ethylene during the radical ethylene copolymerization reactions at the high pressure.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the radical copolymerization reactions are performed in an autoclave reactor.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising injecting the one or more initiators into a reaction mixture at a temperature below 100° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the radical copolymerization reactions are performed at a pressure from 50 MPa to 300 MPa.
5. A polymer composition obtained by radical ethylene copolymerization reactions according to claim 1 .
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein in Formula (I) of the phenolic compound:
R 1 represents:
a hydrogen atom; or
a linear C 1 -C 4 radical alkyl;
R 2 , R 3 and R 4 , identical or different, represent:
a hydrogen atom;
a C 1 -C 5 radical alkyl, linear or branched; or
a hydroxy group;
R 5 represents:
a hydrogen atom;
a C 1 -C 5 radical alkyl, linear or branched;
a C 1 -C 5 radical alkoxy, linear or branched; or
a hydroxy group; and
it being understood that R 4 and R 5 can together form a six-member cycle comprising an oxygen atom; said cycle being substituted by a branched C 1 -C 17 alkyl radical.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein in Formula (I) of the phenolic compound:
R 1 , R 2 and R 3 , identical or different, represent:
a hydrogen atom; or
a methyl radical; and
R 4 and R 5 together form a six-member cycle comprising an oxygen atom; said cycle being substituted by a branched C 1 -C 17 alkyl radical.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phenolic compound is chosen from Formula (I′):
Formula (I′), wherein
R 1 , R 2 and R 3 , identical or different, represent:
a hydrogen atom; or
a methyl radical.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein in Formula (I) of the phenolic compound:
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 5 represent a hydrogen atom; and
R 4 represents a C 1 -C 5 alkoxy radical.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein in Formula (I) of the phenolic compound:
R 1 and R 3 represent a hydrogen atom;
R 2 and R 5 represent a branched C 3 -C 8 alkyl radical; and
R 4 represents a hydroxy group.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phenolic compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of 2,5-di-tert-butyl hydroquinone, 2,5-di(tert-amyl)hydroquinone, vitamin E and monomethyl ether hydroquinone.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phenolic compound of Formula (I) is vitamin E.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the initiator(s) is or are selected from the group consisting of organic peroxides, oxygen azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and mixtures thereof.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the organic peroxides is or are selected from the group consisting of peroxy esters, dialkyl peroxides, hydroperoxides and peroxycetals.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the C 1 -C 24 (meth)alkyl acrylate is selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, ethyl-2-hexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate; and the (meth)acrylate possessing an epoxy group is selected from the group consisting of glycidyl methacrylate and glycidyl acrylate.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the C 1 -C 24 (meth)alkyl acrylate is methyl acrylate, and the (meth)acrylate possessing an epoxy group is glycidyl methacrylate.