Oral vaccine against ruminant respiratory disease comprising polyvinylpyrrolidone
The present invention relates to an oral vaccine against respiratory disease in ruminants, comprising live attenuated Mannheimia haemolytica bacteria and a Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The addition of PVP significantly improves the protective effect of vaccination on lung scores after a challenge infection. Further the PVP allows vaccination by a method of mass administration, such as by oral route via a drink. In addition the invention relates to methods for the preparation of such a vaccine, to methods for the vaccination of ruminants employing such a vaccine, and to medical uses of a composition comprising M. haemolytica bacteria.
1. An oral vaccine against respiratory disease in a ruminant comprising live attenuated Mannheimia haemolytica bacteria and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the vaccine also comprises Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); wherein the concentration of PVP is between about 0.3 and about 3% w/v.
2. The oral vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the live attenuated M. haemolytica bacteria are unable to express a virulent leukotoxin A protein.
3. The oral vaccine of claim 2 , wherein the ruminant is a bovine animal.
4. The oral vaccine of claim 3 , wherein the PVP is of a combination of types of PVP.
5. The oral vaccine of claim 4 , wherein the oral vaccine also comprises at least one additional immunoactive component.
6. The oral vaccine of claim 5 , wherein the at least one additional immunoactive component is a live attenuated Pasteurella multocida bacterium.
7. The oral vaccine of claim 6 , wherein the combination of types of PVP are K 12 and K 60.
8. The oral vaccine of claim 3 , wherein the oral vaccine also comprises at least one additional immunoactive component.
9. The oral vaccine of claim 8 , wherein the at least one additional immunoactive component is a live attenuated Pasteurella multocida bacterium.
10. The oral vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the ruminant is a bovine animal.
11. The oral vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the vaccine is in freeze-dried form.
12. The oral vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the PVP is of a combination of types of PVP.
13. The oral vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the oral vaccine also comprises at least one additional immunoactive component.
14. The oral vaccine of claim 13 , wherein the at least one additional immunoactive component is a live attenuated Pasteurella multocida bacterium.
15. The oral vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the PVP is a type selected from the group consisting of K 12, K 17, K 24, K 25, K 30, K 60, K 70, and combinations thereof.
16. A milk drink for vaccinating young ruminants against respiratory disease comprising a dilution of the oral vaccine of claim 1 , with milk.
17. An oral vaccine against respiratory disease in a ruminant comprising live attenuated Mannheimia haemolytica bacteria and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the vaccine also comprises Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); wherein the PVP is a type selected from the group consisting of K 12, K 17, K 24, K 25, K 30, K 60, K 70, and combinations thereof.
18. An oral vaccine against respiratory disease in a ruminant comprising live attenuated Mannheimia haemolytica bacteria and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the vaccine also comprises Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); wherein the PVP is of a combination of types of PVP; and wherein the combination of types of PVP are K 12 and K 60.
19. A method for the preparation of an oral vaccine of claim 1 , comprising the step of admixing live attenuated M. haemolytica bacteria and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, with PVP.
20. A method of vaccinating a ruminant against respiratory disease comprising the step of administering the oral vaccine of claim 6 , to said ruminant by an oral route.