Flexible polyvinyl halide used for injection over-molding
A polyvinyl halide compound, alone or alloyed with thermoplastic polyurethane, is used as a flexible layer for over-molding a rigid polymer substrate. Selection of types and amounts of calcium carbonate for the overmolding layer improves peel strength to achieve cohesive failure of the flexible overmolding layer rather than adhesive failure of the interface between the flexible overmolding layer and the rigid polymer substrate.
1. A polymer compound, comprising:
polyvinyl halide having an inherent viscosity of less than about 0.9, as measured by using 0.2 grams of resin in 100 ml of cyclohexanone at 30° C. according to test method ASTM D 1243;
an effective amount of plasticizer to provide a desired amount of flexibility to the polyvinyl halide and form a plasticized polyvinyl halide compound; and
stearic acid-treated calcium carbonate fillers, or silane-treated calcium carbonate fillers, or both stearic acid-treated calcium carbonate fillers and silane-treated calcium carbonate fillers dispersed in the plasticized polyvinyl halide compound;
wherein, when the plasticized polyvinyl halide compound is overmolded as a layer on to a Rigid PVC Test Substrate and undergoes a Modified ASTM D903 Adhesion Peel Strength Test, the layer of plasticized polyvinyl halide compound experiences cohesive failure; and
wherein the plasticizer is present in an amount of at least about 20 weight parts per hundred weight parts of polyvinyl halide.
2. The polymer compound of claim 1 , wherein the polyvinyl halide is polyvinyl chloride.
3. The polymer compound of claim 1 , wherein the polyvinyl halide has a weight average molecular weight of from about 39,000 to about 150,000 where the molecular weight is measured by size exclusion chromatography.
4. The polymer compound of claim 1 , wherein the polyvinyl halide has an inherent viscosity of from about 0.65 to about 0.85, as measured by using 0.2 grams of resin in 100 ml of cyclohexanone at 30° C. according to test method ASTM D 1243.
5. The polymer compound of claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of phthalates, citrates, soyates, trimellitates, and combinations thereof.
6. The polymer compound of claim 3 , wherein the plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of phthalates, citrates, soyates, trimellitates, and combinations thereof.
7. The polymer compound of claim 5 , wherein the effective amount of plasticizer ranges from about 20 to about 150 weight parts per one hundred weight parts of polyvinyl halide.
8. The polymer compound of claim 6 , wherein the effective amount of plasticizer ranges from about 20 to about 150 weight parts per one hundred weight parts of polyvinyl halide.
9. The polymer compound of claim 7 , wherein the effective amount of plasticizer ranges from about 40 to about 100 weight parts per one hundred weight parts of polyvinyl halide.
10. The polymer compound of claim 8 , wherein the effective amount of plasticizer ranges from about 40 to about 100 weight parts per one hundred weight parts of polyvinyl halide.
11. The polymer compound of claim 9 , wherein:
the calcium carbonate is Caribbean micritic limestone having a particle size of less than about 10 micrometers and having a purity of above 98%; and
the limestone is treated with coupling agents comprising stearic acid or silane or both.
12. The polymer compound of claim 10 , wherein:
the calcium carbonate is Caribbean micritic limestone having a particle size of less than about 10 micrometers and having a purity of above 98%; and
the limestone is treated with coupling agents comprising stearic acid or silane or both.
13. The polymer compound of claim 11 , wherein the amount of calcium carbonate ranges from about 64 to about 150 weight parts per one hundred weight parts of polyvinyl halide.
14. The polymer compound of claim 12 , wherein the amount of calcium carbonate ranges from about 64 to about 150 weight parts per one hundred weight parts of polyvinyl halide.
15. An overmolded polymer article comprising a layer comprising the polymer compound of claim 1 and a layer of rigid polyvinyl halide.
16. The polymer compound of claim 2 , wherein the polyvinyl chloride is alloyed with thermoplastic polyurethane.
17. The polymer compound of claim 16 , wherein the plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of phthalates, citrates, soyates, trimellitates, and combinations thereof.
18. The polymer compound of claim 16 , wherein:
the calcium carbonate is Caribbean micritic limestone having a particle size of less than about 10 micrometers and having a purity of above 98%; and
the limestone is treated with coupling agents comprising stearic acid or silane or both.
19. The polymer compound of claim 1 , wherein the polyvinyl halide is suspension polymerized vinyl chloride.
20. A composition comprising:
polyvinyl halide; and
a plasticizer;
wherein, when the composition is overmolded as a layer on to a Rigid PVC Test Substrate and undergoes a Modified ASTM D903 Adhesion Peel Strength Test, the layer experiences cohesive failure; and
wherein the plasticizer is present in an amount of at least about 20 weight parts per hundred weight parts of polyvinyl halide.
21. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the polyvinyl halide has an inherent viscosity of less than about 0.9, as measured by using 0.2 grams of resin in 100 ml of cyclohexanone at 30° C. according to test method ASTM D 1243.
22. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the polyvinyl halide has an inherent viscosity of from about 0.65 to about 0.85, as measured by using 0.2 grams of resin in 100 ml of cyclohexanone at 30° C. according to test method ASTM D 1243.
23. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the polyvinyl halide has a weight average molecular weight of from about 39,000 to about 150,000 where the molecular weight is measured by size exclusion chromatography.
24. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the polyvinyl halide is polyvinyl chloride.
25. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the polyvinyl halide is suspension polymerized vinyl chloride.
26. A composition, comprising:
polyvinyl halide having an inherent viscosity of less than 0.9, as measured by using 0.2 grams of resin in 100 ml of cyclohexanone at 30° C. according to test method ASTM D 1243;
plasticizer; and
calcium carbonate present in an amount of from 64 weight parts to 150 weight parts per 100 weight parts of the polyvinyl halide;
wherein the plasticizer is present in an amount of at least about 20 weight parts per hundred weight parts of polyvinyl halide.
27. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the polyvinyl halide has an inherent viscosity of from about 0.65 to about 0.85, as measured by using 0.2 grams of resin in 100 ml of cyclohexanone at 30° C. according to test method ASTM D 1243.
28. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the polyvinyl halide has a weight average molecular weight of from about 39,000 to about 150,000 where the molecular weight is measured by size exclusion chromatography.
29. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the polyvinyl halide is polyvinyl chloride.
30. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the polyvinyl halide is suspension polymerized vinyl chloride.
31. An article, comprising:
a layer comprising polyvinyl halide and plasticizer; and
a rigid substrate comprising polyvinyl halide, the rigid substrate in contact with the layer comprising the polyvinyl halide and the plasticizer;
wherein, when a peel force is applied to the layer, the layer experiences cohesive failure before being peeled away from the rigid substrate.
32. The article of claim 31 , wherein the polyvinyl halide has an inherent viscosity of less than about 0.9, as measured by using 0.2 grams of resin in 100 ml of cyclohexanone at 30° C. according to test method ASTM D 1243.
33. The article of claim 31 , wherein the polyvinyl halide has an inherent viscosity of from about 0.65 to about 0.85, as measured by using 0.2 grams of resin in 100 ml of cyclohexanone at 30° C. according to test method ASTM D 1243.
34. The article of claim 31 , wherein the polyvinyl halide is polyvinyl chloride.
35. The article of claim 31 , wherein the polyvinyl halide has a weight average molecular weight of from about 39,000 to about 150,000 where the molecular weight is measured by size exclusion chromatography.
36. The article of claim 31 , wherein the polyvinyl halide is suspension polymerized vinyl chloride.
37. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the plasticizer is present in an amount ranging from about 20 to about 150 weight parts per hundred weight parts of polyvinyl halide.
38. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the plasticizer is present in an amount ranging from about 20 to about 150 weight parts per hundred weight parts of polyvinyl halide.