Polyamides and amidoamines derived from hydroxyalkylpolyamines: epoxy curing agents with improved properties
Polyamide and amidoamine curing agents comprising a selectively modified amine. The selectively modified amine is formed by a substitution reaction between a polyamine and an epoxide, resulting in a multifunctional amine having a hydroxyl substituent. The curing agents are used to form epoxy resins having improved properties when cured.
1. A curing agent comprising the reaction product of
(1) an amine component comprising at least one selectively modified multifunctional amine, and
(2) a fatty acid component comprising a mixture of tall oil fatty acid derived dimer acid and tall oil fatty acid;
wherein the at least one selectively modified multifunctional amine comprises a compound having a structural formula selected from the group consisting of:
wherein the fatty acid component comprises at least one dimeric acid, at least one trimeric acid and at least one mono acid, wherein the dimeric acid comprises about 50 wt % to about 95 wt % of the fatty acid component, wherein the trimeric acid comprises about 3 wt % to about 40 wt % of the fatty acid component, and wherein the mono acid comprises less than 5 wt % of the fatty acid component; and wherein the curing agent has an imidazoline to amide ratio between about 2.3:1 and about 3.2:1.
2. The curing agent of claim 1 , wherein a viscosity of the curing agent ranges from about 6000 MPa s to about 100,000 MPa s.
3. The curing agent of claim 1 wherein the at least one selectively modified multifunctional amine comprises hydroxyethyl polyethylenepolyamine.
4. The curing agent of claim 1 wherein the amine component comprises at least one unmodified polyalkylamine.
5. The curing agent of claim 1 wherein the fatty acid component comprises monocarboxylic acids containing from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms and from about 0 to about 4 units of unsaturation.
6. The curing agent of claim 1 wherein the ratio of the fatty acid component to the amine component ranges from about 1:1 to about 2:1, on a molecular basis, for monomeric fatty acids.
7. The curing agent of claim 1 wherein the reaction product comprises amidoamine compounds having the general structure:
where R represents an alkyl or aryl group of 1-30 carbon atoms, and where X and Y are independently selected from (R1-NH—R2) m , where m=1 to 3, and R1, R2=alkylene groups of at least one C atom.
8. The curing agent of claim 1 wherein the reaction product comprises polyamide compounds having the general structure:
where A and B are, independently, alkyl or aryl groups of 1-30 carbon atoms, and where X and Y are independently selected from (R1-NH—R2) m , where m=1 to 3, and R1, R2=alkylene groups of at least one C atom.
9. An amine-epoxy composition comprising the reaction product of:
(1) the curing agent of claim 1 ; and
(2) an epoxy composition comprising at least one multi-functional epoxy resin.
10. The amine-epoxy composition of claim 9 , wherein the epoxy composition further comprises at least one polyepoxy compound.
11. The amine-epoxy composition of claim 10 wherein the at least one polyepoxy compound comprises at least one of the diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol-A, the advanced diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol-A, the diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol-F, and the epoxy novolac resins.
12. The amine-epoxy composition of claim 9 , wherein the stoichiometric ratios of epoxy groups to amine hydrogen ranges from about 1.5 to 1 to about 1 to 1.5.
13. The amine-epoxy composition of claim 10 , wherein the at least one polyepoxy compound comprises at least one dihydric phenol of the following structure:
where m is 0 to 7, and R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical of a dihydric phenol.
14. An article of manufacture comprised of the amine-epoxy composition of claim 9 .
15. A method for forming a curing agent, comprising:
(i) reacting (1) at least one selectively modified multifunctional amine, with (2) a fatty acid component comprising a mixture of tall oil fatty acid derived dimer acid and tall oil fatty acid, wherein the at least one selectively modified multifunctional amine comprises a compound having a structural formula selected from the group consisting of:
wherein the fatty acid component comprises at least one dimeric acid, at least one trimeric acid and at least one mono acid, wherein the dimeric acid comprises about 50 wt % to about 95 wt % of the fatty acid component, wherein the trimeric acid comprises about 3 wt % to about 40 wt % of the fatty acid component, and wherein the mono acid comprises less than 5 wt % of the fatty acid component; and wherein the curing agent has an imidazoline to amide ratio between about 2.3:1 and about 3.2:1.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising adding a defoamer.