Computer-implemented systems and methods to enable complex functionality on a blockchain while preserving security-based restrictions on script size and opcode limits
The invention relates to blockchain technologies such as the Bitcoin blockchain. The invention uses a novel technique to decompose the functionality of a blockchain transaction script into several chunks or functional parts, and to use the output of a chunk as the input of the next chunk. Advantageously, this allows the blockchain to be used for ever complex tasks and computations while minimising script size, and also provides a novel architecture for the distributed execution of computational processes. The invention comprises a method of using a plurality of blockchain transactions to execute a computer implemented task, the method comprising the steps: using an unlocking script (ULS1) in a blockchain transaction (Tx2) to present at least one data item to a locking script (LS1) of another transaction (Tx1) so as to provide a result on a stack; generating a further unlocking script (ULS2) which comprises the result provided on the stack; presenting the further unlocking script (ULS2) to a further locking script (LS2) such that the result from the stack is provided as input to the further locking script.
1. A method of using a plurality of blockchain transactions to execute a computer-implemented task, the method comprising the steps:
using an unlocking script (ULS1) in a blockchain transaction (Tx2) to present at least one data item to a locking script (LS1) of another transaction (Tx1) so as to provide a result on a stack;
generating a further unlocking script (ULS2) which comprises the result provided on the stack; and
presenting the further unlocking script (ULS2) to a further locking script (LS2) such that the result from the stack is provided as input to the further locking script (LS2), wherein the unlocking script (ULS1) and the further unlocking script (ULS2) are provided in association with inputs within different blockchain transactions.
2. A method according to claim 1 , and further comprising:
performing one or more of the steps of claim 1 more than once.
3. A method according to claim 1 , and further comprising the step of:
using the at least one data item in the execution of a calculation or sequence of instructions provided within the locking script (LS1).
4. A method according to claim 1 , and further comprising the step of:
using the result provided on the stack in the execution of a calculation or sequence of instructions provided within the further locking script (LS2).
5. A method according to claim 1 , and further comprising the step of:
obtaining the result from the stack.
6. A method according to claim 1 , and further comprising the step of:
validating the blockchain transaction (Tx2) and/or the other transaction (Tx1) to generate the result on the stack.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the unlocking script (ULS1) and the further unlocking script (ULS2) are provided in association with different inputs within the same blockchain transaction (Tx2).
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the locking script (LS1) and the further locking script (LS2) are provided in association with different outputs within the same blockchain transaction (Tx1).
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the locking script (LS1) and the further locking script (LS2) are provided in association with outputs within different blockchain transactions.
10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the step of presenting the further unlocking script (ULS2) to a further locking script (LS2) provides a further result on the stack, or on a different stack.
11. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of generating the further unlocking script (ULS2) comprises:
amending the blockchain transaction (Tx2) to insert an input (In2), wherein the further unlocking script (ULS2) is associated with the inserted input (In2).
12. A method according to claim 1 , and further comprising the step of:
using a blockchain client to obtain the result from the stack.
13. A method according to claim 12 wherein:
the blockchain client is a Bitcoin client.
14. A method according to claim 1 , and further comprising the step of:
submitting the blockchain transaction (Tx2) and/or other blockchain transaction (Tx1) to a blockchain network.
15. A method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of blockchain transactions are for a blockchain, the blockchain being consensus-based, distributed, electronic ledger; and/or
the blockchain is the Bitcoin blockchain;
one, some or all of the plurality of blockchain transactions are Bitcoin transactions; and/or
the method is arranged for execution on the Bitcoin blockchain.
16. A method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the at least one data item is provided as metadata within the unlocking script (ULS1); and/or
the result is provided as metadata within the further unlocking script (ULS2).
17. A method according to claim 1 , and further comprising the step of:
using the method to compute a final result, and using the final result to control a process performed off a blockchain.
18. A computer-implemented system arranged and configured to perform the method of claim 1 .