Build direction-based partitioning for construction of a physical object through additive manufacturing
Systems and methods may support build direction-based partitioning for construction of a physical object through additive manufacturing. In some implementations, a system may access a surface mesh representative of a 3D object and an initial build direction for construction of the object using additive manufacturing. The system may partition the surface mesh into an initial buildable segment and a non-buildable segment based on the initial build direction. The system may iteratively determine subsequent build directions and partition off subsequent buildable segments from the unbuildable segment until no portion of the non-buildable segment remains. The determined buildable segments and correlated build directions may be provided to a multi-axis 3D printer for construction of the represented 3D object through additive manufacturing.
1. A method comprising:
accessing a surface mesh of a three-dimensional (3D) object and an initial build direction for construction of the 3D object through additive manufacturing;
partitioning the surface mesh into an initial buildable segment and a non-buildable segment based on the initial build direction, wherein the partitioning comprises:
characterizing, based on the initial build direction, mesh faces of the surface mesh as an overhang face or a non-overhang face;
clustering the mesh faces of the surface mesh according to the overhang face and non-overhang face characterizations;
combining clusters including mesh faces with the non-overhang face characterization into the initial buildable segment; and
combining clusters including mesh faces with the overhang face characterization into the non-buildable segment; and
correlating the initial build direction to the initial buildable segment;
performing iteratively, until no portion of the non-buildable segment remains:
determining a subsequent build direction;
partitioning the surface mesh into an initial buildable segment and a non-buildable segment based on the initial build direction; and
correlating the subsequent build direction to the subsequent buildable segment; and
providing the partitioned buildable segments and correlated build directions for construction of the 3D object through additive manufacturing.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein characterizing the mesh faces of the surface mesh as an overhang face comprises:
identifying a particular mesh face as an actual overhang face responsive to determining an angle between a surface normal of the particular mesh face and the initial build direction is within an overhang angle range;
identifying a different mesh face as an effective overhang face even though an angle between a surface normal of the different mesh face and the initial build direction is not within the overhang angle range; and
characterizing both the particular mesh face and the different mesh face as an overhang face.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein identifying the different mesh face as an effective overhang face comprises:
determining that, in an additive manufacturing process along the initial build direction, the different mesh face would be constructed on top of the particular mesh face.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein identifying the different mesh face as an effective overhang face comprises:
determining that a ray cast from the different mesh face first intersects another mesh face characterized as an actual overhang face.
5. The method of claim 2 , further comprising modifying the surface mesh prior to identifying the different mesh face as an effective overhang face by:
projecting mesh faces identified as an actual overhang face onto a base plane for the initial build direction;
determining an intersection curve between the surface mesh and the mesh faces projected onto the base plane; and
inserting edges that form the intersection curve into the surface mesh to split mesh faces into multiple mesh faces according to the intersection curve.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein partitioning the surface mesh into the initial buildable segment and the non-buildable segment further comprises:
identifying a particular mesh face as a partial overhang face that includes a mesh portion what would qualify as an overhang face and another mesh portion that would qualify as a non-overhang face; and
splitting the particular mesh face into multiple mesh faces and characterizing each of the multiple mesh faces as an overhang face or a non-overhang face.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein combining the clusters including mesh faces with the non-overhang face characterization into the initial buildable segment comprises:
identifying a base cluster as a cluster that includes mesh faces of a base of the 3D object according to the initial build direction;
identifying other buildable clusters through ray casting; and
merging the base cluster with the buildable clusters to form the initial buildable segment.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein merging the base cluster with the buildable clusters comprises:
identifying a gap between the base cluster and an identified buildable cluster; and
filling in the gap between the base cluster and the identified buildable cluster so the initial buildable segment is a closed mesh.
9. The method of claim 1 , determining the subsequent build direction comprises:
identifying candidate build directions normal to interfacing surfaces between the partitioned buildable segment and the non-buildable segment; and
selecting the subsequent build direction as a particular candidate build direction with a highest buildable volume for a subsequent buildable segment partitioned using the particular candidate build direction.
10. The method of claim 1 , determining the subsequent build direction comprises:
identifying candidate build directions normal to interfacing surfaces between the partitioned buildable segment and the non-buildable segment; and
selecting the subsequent build direction as a particular candidate build direction with a highest interfacing surface area between the partitioned buildable segment and the non-buildable segment for the candidate build direction.
11. A system comprising:
an access engine configured to access a surface mesh of a three-dimensional (3D) object and an initial build direction for construction of the 3D object through additive manufacturing; and
a volumetric segmentation engine configured to:
partition the surface mesh into an initial buildable segment and a non-buildable segment based on the initial build direction and according to differentiation between mesh faces of the surface mesh as overhang faces or non-overhang faces;
correlate the initial build direction to the initial buildable segment; and
iteratively, until no portion of the non-buildable segment remains:
determine a subsequent build direction;
partition off a subsequent buildable segment from the non-buildable segment based on the subsequent build direction; and
correlate the subsequent build direction to the subsequent buildable segment; and
provide the partitioned buildable segments and correlated build directions for construction of the 3D object through additive manufacturing.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the volumetric segmentation engine is configured to partition the surface mesh into the initial buildable segment and the non-buildable segment by:
characterizing, based on the initial build direction, mesh faces of the surface mesh as an overhang face or a non-overhang face;
clustering the mesh faces of the surface mesh according to the overhang face and non-overhang face characterizations;
combining clusters including mesh faces with the non-overhang face characterization into the initial buildable segment; and
combining clusters including mesh faces with the overhang face characterization into the non-buildable segment.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the volumetric segmentation engine is configured to combine the clusters including mesh faces with the non-overhang face characterization into the initial buildable segment by:
identifying a base cluster as a cluster that includes mesh faces of a base of the 3D object according to the initial build direction;
identifying other buildable clusters through ray casting; and
merging the base cluster with the buildable clusters to form the initial buildable segment.
14. The system of claim 11 , wherein the volumetric segmentation engine is further configured to modify the surface mesh by:
projecting mesh faces identified as an actual overhang face onto a base plane for the initial build direction;
determining an intersection curve between the surface mesh and the mesh faces projected onto the base plane;
inserting edges that form the intersection curve into the surface mesh to split mesh faces into multiple mesh faces according to the intersection curve;
identifying mesh faces as effective overhang faces; and
characterizing, as overhang faces, mesh faces identified as an actual overhang face or an effective overhang face.
15. A non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions, that when executed by a processor, causes a computing system to:
access a surface mesh of a three-dimensional (3D) object and an initial build direction for construction of the 3D object through additive manufacturing;
partition the surface mesh into an initial buildable segment and a non-buildable segment, including by:
characterizing, based on the initial build direction, of mesh faces of the surface mesh as an overhang face or a non-overhang face;
clustering of the mesh faces of the surface mesh according to the overhang face and non-overhang face characterizations;
combining clusters including mesh faces with the non-overhang face characterization into the initial buildable segment; and
combining clusters including mesh faces with the overhang face characterization into the non-buildable segment; and
correlate the initial build direction to the initial buildable segment;
perform iteratively, until no portion of the non-buildable segment remains:
determine a subsequent build direction;
partition off a subsequent buildable segment from the non-buildable segment based on the subsequent build direction; and
correlate the subsequent build direction to the subsequent buildable segment; and
provide the partitioned buildable segments and correlated build directions for construction of the 3D object through additive manufacturing.
16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, causes the computing system to characterize the mesh faces of the surface mesh as an overhang face by:
identifying a particular mesh face as an actual overhang face responsive to determining an angle between a surface normal of the particular mesh face and the initial build direction is within an overhang angle range;
identifying a different mesh face as an effective overhang face even though an angle between a surface normal of the different mesh face and the initial build direction is not within the overhang angle range; and
characterizing both the particular mesh face and the different mesh face as an overhang face.
17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, causes the computing system to identify the different mesh face as an effective overhang face by:
determining that, in an additive manufacturing process along the initial build direction, the different mesh face would be constructed on top of the particular mesh face;
determining that a ray cast from the different mesh face first intersects another mesh face characterized as an actual overhang face; or
a combination of both.
18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further causes the computing system to modify the surface mesh prior to identifying the different mesh face as an effective overhang face by:
projecting mesh faces identified as an actual overhang face onto a base plane for the initial build direction;
determining an intersection curve between the surface mesh and the mesh faces projected onto the base plane; and
inserting edges that form the intersection curve into the surface mesh to split mesh faces into multiple mesh faces according to the intersection curve.
19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, causes the computing system to partition the surface mesh into the initial buildable segment and the non-buildable segment further by:
identifying a particular mesh face as a partial overhang face that includes a mesh portion what would qualify as an overhang face and another mesh portion that would qualify as a non-overhang face; and
splitting the particular mesh face into multiple mesh faces and characterizing each of the multiple mesh faces as an overhang face or a non-overhang face.
20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, causes the computing system to determine the subsequent build direction by:
identifying candidate build directions normal to interfacing surfaces between the partitioned buildable segment and the non-buildable segment; and
selecting the subsequent build direction as a particular candidate build direction with a highest buildable volume for a subsequent buildable segment partitioned using the particular candidate build direction.