Composite yieldable rock anchor with improved deformation range
View Patent ↗The present invention pertains to a yieldable rock anchor ( 10 ), comprising an elongated tendon ( 12 ) extending longitudinally along a tendon axis (A) from a proximal end ( 16 ) to a distal end ( 18 ), wherein the tendon includes a substantially non-yielding rigid first anchor portion ( 20 ) at or near said distal end ( 18 ) and extending towards said proximal end ( 16 ), and at least one plastically deformable axially yielding portion ( 26 ) intermediate said non-yielding rigid first anchor portion ( 20 ) and said proximal end ( 16 ). The first anchor portion ( 20 ) may be a hollow bar member, and the first anchor portion ( 20 ) and the at least one yielding portion ( 26 ) are integrally joined or coupled to one another to form at least part of said elongated tendon ( 12 ).
1. A yieldable rock anchor, comprising:
a non-unitary elongated tendon extending longitudinally along a tendon axis from a proximal end to a distal end, the tendon including
a substantially non-yielding rigid first anchor portion at or near said distal end and extending towards said proximal end, and
at least one plastically deformable axially yielding portion intermediate said non-yielding rigid first anchor portion and said proximal end,
wherein both the first anchor portion and the at least one yielding portion are hollow bar members,
and wherein the first anchor portion and the at least one yielding portion are integrally joined to one another in an end-to-end manner by welding or gluing to form at least part of said elongated tendon,
wherein strength tolerance bands of the substantially non-yielding rigid anchor portion and the at least one plastically deformable axially yielding portion do not overlap, and
wherein the at least one axially yielding portion has a deformation range of at least 100 mm/m.
2. The yieldable rock anchor according to claim 1 , wherein the rock anchor is self-drilling.
3. The yieldable rock anchor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the tendon includes at least one substantially non-yielding rigid further anchor portion intermediate said proximal end and said at least one yielding portion.
4. The yieldable rock anchor according to claim 3 ,
wherein the tendon includes a plurality of substantially non-yielding rigid further anchor portions and a plurality of plastically deformable axially yielding portions in alternating arrangement.
5. The yieldable rock anchor according to claim 3 ,
wherein the at least one substantially non-yielding rigid further anchor portion is provided with a plurality of anchoring members protruding from an outer surface of the respective further anchor portion.
6. The yieldable rock anchor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the non-yielding rigid first anchor portion is provided with a plurality of anchoring members protruding from an outer surface of the first anchor portion.
7. The yieldable rock anchor according to claim 6 ,
wherein the plurality of anchoring members include protuberances selected from the group of ribs, grooves, slots, indentations, threads, bosses and studs.
8. The yieldable rock anchor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the at least one yielding portion has a generally smooth outer surface.
9. The yieldable rock anchor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the at least one yielding portion has an outer diameter that is smaller than an outer diameter of the first rigid anchor portion.
10. The yieldable rock anchor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the first anchor portion has a higher strength than the at least one yielding portion.
11. The yieldable rock anchor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the at least one yielding portion and the first anchor portion are steel hollow bar members, the steel of the hollow bar members constituting the at least one yielding portion being different from the steel of the hollow bar members constituting the first anchor portion.
12. The yieldable rock anchor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the tendon includes an externally threaded portion at or near said proximal end.