Battery Paste and Electrolyte Compositions and Electrochemical Cell for Use Therewith
A lead acid battery is provided. The battery includes a container and a plurality of electrochemical cells within the container. The electrochemical cells have a plurality of flat positive plates each composed of a grid formed of virgin lead or high purity lead or highly purified secondary lead and a positive battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition, a positive plate paste vehicle, and a polyvinylsulfonate additive. The electrochemical cells also have a plurality of flat negative plates each composed of a grid and a negative battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition and a negative plate paste vehicle. An absorbent glass mat is interleaved between the flat positive plate and the flat negative plate. An electrolyte is provided in the container and retained in the absorbent glass mat. The electrolyte includes phosphoric acid. The plurality of flat positive plates and the plurality of flat negative plates are connected by intercell connectors and coupled to one or more terminals. A lid is provided on the container.
1 . An electrochemical cell comprising:
a flat positive plate composed of a grid formed of virgin lead or high purity lead or highly purified secondary lead and a positive battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition, a positive plate paste vehicle, and a polyvinylsulfonate additive
a flat negative plate composed of a grid, and a negative battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition and a negative plate paste vehicle;
an absorbent glass mat interleaved between the flat positive plate and the flat negative plate; and
an electrolyte in the container and retained in the absorbent glass mat, the electrolyte including phosphoric acid.
2 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises sodium sulfate.
3 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises water, sulfuric acid, and sodium sulfate.
4 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the polyvinylsulfonate additive comprises polyvinylsulfonic acid or salts of this material.
5 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the negative paste further comprises a polyvinylsulfonate additive.
6 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the negative paste further comprises an expander.
7 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the positive plate paste vehicle is water.
8 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the negative plate paste vehicle is water.
9 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the phosphoric acid is present in a range of from approximately 0.05 g/L to approximately 5.0 g/L.
10 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the negative plate is composed of virgin lead or high purity lead or highly purified secondary lead.
11 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the lead-containing composition of the positive plate comprises virgin lead or high purity lead or highly purified secondary lead in the range of 99.9% to 99.99% lead.
12 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the lead-containing composition of the negative plate comprises virgin lead or high purity lead or highly purified secondary lead in the range of 99.9% to 99.99% lead.
13 . A lead acid battery comprising:
a container;
a plurality of electrochemical cells within the container, the electrochemical cells comprising:
a plurality of flat positive plates each composed of a grid formed of virgin lead or high purity lead or highly purified secondary lead and a positive battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition, a positive plate paste vehicle, and a polyvinylsulfonate additive;
a plurality of flat negative plates each composed of a grid and a negative battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition and a negative plate paste vehicle;
an absorbent glass mat interleaved between the flat positive plate and the flat negative plate; and
an electrolyte in the container and retained in the absorbent glass mat, the electrolyte including phosphoric acid;
the plurality of flat positive plates and the plurality of flat negative. plates being connected by intercell connectors and coupled to one or more terminals; and
a lid on the container.
14 . The lead acid battery of claim 13 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises sodium sulfate.
15 . The lead acid battery of claim 13 , wherein the positive paste further comprises a polyvinylsulfonate additive.
16 . The lead acid battery of claim 13 , wherein the negative paste further comprises an expander.
17 . The lead acid battery of claim 13 , wherein the positive plate paste vehicle is water.
18 . The lead acid battery of claim 13 , wherein the negative plate paste vehicle is water.
19 . A lead acid battery comprising:
a container;
a plurality of electrochemical cells within the container, the electrochemical cells comprising:
a plurality of flat positive plates each composed of a grid formed of virgin lead or high purity lead or highly purified secondary lead and a positive battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition, a positive plate paste vehicle, and a polyvinylsulfonate additive;
a plurality of flat negative plates each Composed of a grid and a negative battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition, a negative plate paste vehicle, an expander, and a polyvinylsulfonate additive;
an absorbent glass mat interleaved between the flat positive plate and the flat negative plate; and
an electrolyte in the container and, retained in the absorbent glass mat, the electrolyte including phosphoric acid, water, sulfuric acid, and sodium sulfate;
the plurality of flat positive plates and the plurality of flat negative plates being connected by intercell connectors and coupled to one or more terminals; and
a lid on the container.
20 . The lead acid battery of claim 19 , wherein the polyvinylsulfonate additive comprises polyvinylsulfonic acid or salts of this material.