Composite part with external part cast around internal insert and method for producing the same
Composite parts ( 100 ) and methods of making the same are disclosed. A composite part may include an internal insert component ( 124 ) made of a first material. The internal insert component may be provided with surface features such as mechanical surface features or material surface features, on at least a portion of its surface. The composite part may further include an external part component ( 136 ) that is cast around at least a portion of the internal insert component, and is made of a second material different from the first material. The surface features of the internal insert component may help establish a bond within the composite part between the internal insert component and the external part component.
1. A method of forming a composite part having an internal insert component and an external part component, the method comprising:
positioning the internal insert component within a mold cavity, the internal insert component formed of a first material that includes a titanium-based material, wherein at least a portion of an outer surface of the internal insert component includes mechanical surface features that define a plurality of depressions in the outer surface of the internal insert component, the mechanical surface features have an average depth of 5 μm-100 μm, inclusive, and the mechanical surface features present an irregular surface contour;
casting a molten second material around the internal insert component along the irregular surface contour of the internal insert component, the second material is different from the first material and includes an aluminum-based material; and solidifying the molten material to form the external part component, the mechanical surface features help establish a bond within the composite part between the internal insert component and the external part component;
wherein the bond between the internal insert component and the external part component includes both a mechanical interlock formed between the solidified molten material and the mechanical surface features and a metallurgical interface formed between the different materials of the internal insert component and the external part component, and the metallurgical interface includes an interface region having aluminum-titanium compounds.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the internal insert component is made of the titanium-based material and the external part component is made of the aluminum-based material.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the internal insert component is a prefabricated insert that is made of the titanium-based material so as to strengthen the composite part.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the external part component is a high pressure die cast part that is made of the aluminum-based material so as to be lightweight.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the casting and solidifying steps are part of a high pressure die casting process.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
forming the surface features on the outer surface of the internal insert component before positioning the internal insert component within the mold cavity, wherein the forming step uses at least one of the following techniques: laser ablating, laser etching, laser scoring, mechanical machining, wire brushing, chemical texturing, electrical discharge machining (EDM), plasma treating and/or sand blasting.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
forming a shell or coating layer over top of at least a portion of the outer surface of the internal insert component so that the shell or coating layer covers at least some of the mechanical surface features and fills in at least some of the plurality of depressions in the outer surface, the shell or coating layer includes a material that has the same or similar composition as that of the external part component.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the shell or coating layer is formed in a casting process, including maintaining a mold temperature of at least 700 degrees Celsius for at least 10 minutes, and subsequently cooling the internal insert component after the shell or coating layer is applied to the internal insert component.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the shell or coating layer is formed with a thickness of approximately 1-3 millimeters overlying mechanical surface features having a surface roughness of between 5 μm-20 μm, inclusive.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the shell or coating layer is comprised of a plurality of particles.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of particles have an average diameter that is less than or equal to about 100 μm.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of particles have an average diameter that is greater than or equal to about 25 mm to less than or equal to about 100 mm.
13. The method of claim 10 , further comprising the step of: forming the surface features on the outer surface of the internal insert component before positioning the internal insert component within the mold cavity, wherein the forming step uses at least one of the following techniques: hot fusion, cold spraying, high velocity spraying, electrodeposition.
14. The method of claim 10 , further comprising the step of: forming the surface features on the outer surface of the internal insert component during the process of casting or otherwise forming the insert itself.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of depressions of the mechanical surface features define undulations in the outer surface of the internal insert component.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of depressions of the mechanical surface features define an irregular and non-reoccurring pattern in the outer surface of the internal insert component.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the irregular and non-reoccurring pattern is formed by a laser ablation technique using a low frequency laser pulse separation.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of depressions of the mechanical surface features define a regular and patterned surface texture in the outer surface of the internal insert component.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the regular and patterned surface texture is formed by a laser ablation technique using a high frequency laser pulse separation.