Cysteine mutated antibodies for conjugation
The invention provides modified heavy chain constant regions including a cysteine at position 295 by EU numbering and optionally at position 239 by EU numbering. These cysteine residues provide sites for conjugation to a drug or label. When both cysteines are present in a normal heterodimeric antibody format, there are four such sites per molecule of antibody allowing a stoichiometry of one molecule of antibody to four of drug or label. Selection of the cysteine at position 295 with or without cysteine at position 239 is advantageous over cysteines at many other positions due to ease of expression, stability and cytotoxicity.
1. An antibody drug conjugate comprising an antibody comprising a heavy chain constant region in which position 295 by EU numbering is occupied by cysteine conjugated to a drug via the cysteine, wherein the heavy chain constant region has the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS:5-12 provided the C-terminal lysine can be absent.
2. The antibody drug conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the heavy chain constant region has a cysteine at position 239 by EU numbering.
3. The antibody drug conjugate of claim 2 , wherein the antibody is conjugated to the drug via both the cysteines at positions 295 and 239.
4. The antibody drug conjugate of claim 3 , wherein the antibody is a heterodimer comprising two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein one molecule of the antibody is conjugated to four molecules of the drug via conjugation to the cysteine at position 295 and 239 in both heavy chains.
5. The antibody drug conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the drug is a tubulysin.
6. The antibody drug conjugate of claim 5 , wherein the drug is conjugated to the antibody via a glucuronide linker.
7. The antibody drug conjugate of claim 6 , wherein the antibody is conjugated to a compound having a structure shown below providing the tubulysin and glucuronide linker:
8. The antibody drug conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the drug is MMAE, MMAF, or a minor groove binder.
9. The antibody drug conjugate of claim 1 , wherein antibody is conjugated to the drug via a cleavable linker.
10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody drug conjugate of claim 1 .
11. A method of producing an antibody drug conjugate comprising an antibody comprising a heavy chain constant region in which positions 239 and 295 by EU numbering are occupied by cysteines, wherein the heavy chain constant region comprises any one of SEQ ID NOS:9-12, the method comprising:
culturing a cell engineered to encode the antibody, wherein the antibody is expressed;
purifying the antibody; and
conjugating the antibody to a drug via the cysteines at position 239 and 295.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising contacting the antibody with a reducing agent that inhibits formation of disulfide bonds between cysteines at positions 239 and 295.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the antibody is contacted by including the reducing agent in a medium in which the antibody is cultured.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the reducing agent is dithiothreitol, beta-mercaptoethanol or tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the reducing agent is dithiothreitol at a concentration of 0.1 to 2 mM.