Pulsed electrolysis with reference to the open circuit voltage
Various embodiments include an electrolysis method comprising: applying a pulsed voltage or a pulsed current between an anode and a cathode; repeatedly measuring a respective current OCP at the cathode in a zero-current state relative to a reference system; and controlling the pulsed voltage or the pulsed current so a working potential of the cathode in the current-carrying state with respect to the reference system has a defined progression relative to the respective current OCP. The defined progression includes a first phase at a cathodic level and a second phase at an anodic level.
1. An electrolysis method comprising:
applying a pulsed voltage or a pulsed current between an anode and a cathode;
repeatedly measuring a respective current OCP at the cathode in a zero-current state relative to a reference system;
controlling the pulsed voltage or the pulsed current so a working potential of the cathode in the current-carrying state with respect to the reference system has a defined progression relative to the respective current OCP; and
changing the OCP during performance of the electrolysis method;
wherein the defined progression includes a first phase at a cathodic level and a second phase at an anodic level.
2. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising using a galvanostatic operating regime having a defined current progression with a sequence of phases with anodic and cathodic current level;
wherein the defined current progression is readjusted dynamically with the measured OCP.
3. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising obtaining a hydrocarbon in a one-stage process from carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
4. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising using a catalyst.
5. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising using an aqueous electrolyte.
6. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reference system comprises a silver/silver chloride system.
7. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the working potential of the cathode in the current-carrying state and the OCP are negative and, at the same time, the working potential of the cathode is temporarily at an anodic level.
8. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the working potential of the cathode at the anodic level is below an initial OCP measurable at the start of the electrolysis method.
9. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising regular repetition of a duration of the first phase below 10 s and a duration of the second phase above 10 s.
10. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the duration of the first phase is within a range from 2 s to 7 s, and the duration of the second phase is within a range from 20 s to 100 s.
11. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pulsed voltage or the pulsed current has a square wave profile, a stepped profile, or a multilevel profile.
12. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising storing any energy released on reversal of polarity of the cathode in an intermediate storage means.
13. An electrolysis apparatus comprising:
an anode;
a cathode;
a reference system;
a voltage source for applying a pulsed voltage or a current source for establishing a pulsed current between the anode and the cathode;
a measurement unit for repeated measurement of a respective current OCP at the cathode in a zero-current state with respect to the reference system; and
a control unit for controlling the pulsed voltage or the pulsed current so a working potential of the cathode in the current-carrying state with respect to the reference system has a defined progression relative to the respective current OCP;
wherein the defined progression includes a first phase at a cathodic level and a second phase at an anodic level; and
the control unit changes the OCP during electrolysis.
14. An electrolysis method comprising:
applying a pulsed voltage or a pulsed current between an anode and a cathode;
repeatedly measuring a respective current OCP at the cathode in a zero-current state relative to a reference system; and
controlling the pulsed voltage or the pulsed current so a working potential of the cathode in the current-carrying state with respect to the reference system has a defined progression relative to the respective current OCP;
wherein the defined progression includes a first phase at a cathodic level and a second phase at an anodic level; and
the working potential of the cathode at the anodic level is below an initial OCP measurable at the start of the electrolysis method.
15. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 14 , further comprising using a galvanostatic operating regime having a defined current progression with a sequence of phases with anodic and cathodic current level;
wherein the defined current progression is readjusted dynamically with the measured OCP.
16. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 14 , further comprising obtaining a hydrocarbon in a one-stage process from carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
17. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reference system comprises a silver/silver chloride system.
18. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the working potential of the cathode in the current-carrying state and the OCP are negative and, at the same time, the working potential of the cathode is temporarily at an anodic level.
19. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 14 , further comprising regular repetition of a duration of the first phase below 10 s and a duration of the second phase above 10 s.
20. The electrolysis method as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the duration of the first phase is within a range from 2 s to 7 s, and the duration of the second phase is within a range from 20 s to 100 s.
21. An electrolysis apparatus comprising:
an anode;
a cathode;
a reference system;
a voltage source for applying a pulsed voltage or a current source for establishing a pulsed current between the anode and the cathode;
a measurement unit for repeated measurement of a respective current OCP at the cathode in a zero-current state with respect to the reference system; and
a control unit for controlling the pulsed voltage or the pulsed current so a working potential of the cathode in the current-carrying state with respect to the reference system has a defined progression relative to the respective current OCP;
wherein the defined progression includes a first phase at a cathodic level and a second phase at an anodic level; and
the control unit changes the OCP during electrolysis.