Thermally conductive polyvinyl halide
A polyvinyl halide compound has thermal conductivity and includes polyvinyl halide resin, natural or synthetic graphite of flake or spheroid form, and at least 0.5 weight percent of epoxidized vegetable oil. Selection of types and amounts of graphite and epoxidized vegetable oil provide thermal conductivity while other desirable properties of the compound are suitably maintained. The compound can be used for making any end use article that needs flame retardance and good thermal management and is especially useful as a thermally conductive material to replace die cast or extruded aluminum heat sinks in industrial applications, such as LED lighting fixtures.
1. A polyvinyl halide compound having thermal conductivity, comprising:
polyvinyl halide resin;
natural or synthetic graphite of flake or spheroid form; and
at least 0.5 and less than or equal to 6.4 weight percent of epoxidized vegetable oil;
wherein the polyvinyl halide compound has a heat distortion temperature of at least 65° C. at 66 psi, measured according to ASTM D648.
2. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 1 , wherein the polyvinyl halide compound comprises natural flake graphite.
3. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 1 , wherein the polyvinyl halide resin comprises polyvinyl chloride.
4. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 3 , wherein the amount of graphite present in the polyvinyl halide compound is from about 15 to about 65 weight percent of the polyvinyl halide compound.
5. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 3 , wherein the amount of epoxidized vegetable oil present in the polyvinyl halide compound is from 1 to 6 weight percent of the polyvinyl halide compound.
6. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 5 , wherein the epoxidized vegetable oil is epoxidized soybean oil.
7. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 5 , wherein the polyvinyl halide compound also comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of adhesion promoters; biocides; anti-fogging agents; anti-static agents; bonding, blowing and foaming agents; dispersants; fillers and extenders; fire and flame retardants and smoke suppressants; impact modifiers; initiators; lubricants; micas; pigments, colorants and dyes; processing aids; release agents; silanes, titanates and zirconates; slip and anti-blocking agents; stabilizers; stearates; ultraviolet light absorbers; viscosity regulators; waxes; and combinations thereof.
8. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 1 , wherein the graphite is selected from the group consisting of natural flake graphite, synthetic flake graphite, synthetic spheroid graphite, and combinations thereof.
9. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 8 , wherein the amount of graphite present in the polyvinyl halide compound is from about 30 to about 55 weight percent of the polyvinyl halide compound.
10. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 1 in the form of an extruded polymer article, a compression molded polymer article, or an injection molded polymer article.
11. A polymer article comprising the polyvinyl halide compound of claim 1 .
12. The polymer article of claim 11 , wherein the polymer article has a porosity of less than one percent, wherein porosity is calculated based on specific gravity, measured according to ASTM D792, and theoretical specific gravity.
13. The polymer article of claim 11 , wherein the polymer article has a Notched Izod impact resistance of 0.3-1.5 ft-lb/in at 73° F. measured according to ASTM D256.
14. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 1 , wherein the polyvinyl halide compound contains no copolymerized co-monomer or contains copolymerized co-monomer in an amount of less than 5 weight percent.
15. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the amount of graphite to the amount of polyvinyl halide resin is from 0.22:1 to 1.33:1 by weight.
16. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 3 , wherein the ratio of the amount of graphite to the amount of polyvinyl chloride resin is from 0.22:1 to 1.33:1 by weight.
17. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 16 , wherein the polyvinyl halide compound contains no copolymerized co-monomer or contains copolymerized co-monomer in an amount of less than 5 weight percent.
18. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 2 , wherein the polyvinyl halide compound further comprises synthetic flake graphite.
19. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 1 ,
wherein the polyvinyl halide compound has an in plane thermal conductivity of greater than 1.0 W/(m*K), wherein in plane thermal conductivity is calculated from heat capacity and diffusivity measured according to ASTM D1461-01.
20. A polyvinyl halide compound having thermal conductivity, comprising:
polyvinyl halide resin;
natural or synthetic graphite of flake or spheroid form; and
at least 0.5 and less than or equal to 6.4 weight percent of epoxidized vegetable oil;
wherein the polyvinyl halide compound has a Notched Izod impact resistance of 0.3-1.5 ft-lb/in at 73° F. measured according to ASTM D256.
21. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 20 , wherein the polyvinyl halide compound comprises natural flake graphite.
22. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 21 , wherein the polyvinyl halide compound further comprises synthetic flake graphite.
23. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 20 , wherein the polyvinyl halide resin comprises polyvinyl chloride.
24. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 20 , wherein the amount of graphite present in the polyvinyl halide compound is from about 15 to about 65 weight percent of the polyvinyl halide compound.
25. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 20 , wherein the amount of epoxidized vegetable oil present in the polyvinyl halide compound is from 1 to 6 weight percent of the polyvinyl halide compound.
26. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 20 , wherein the polyvinyl halide compound also comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of adhesion promoters; biocides; anti-fogging agents; anti-static agents; bonding, blowing and foaming agents; dispersants; fillers and extenders; fire and flame retardants and smoke suppressants; impact modifiers; initiators; lubricants; micas; pigments, colorants and dyes; processing aids; release agents; silanes, titanates and zirconates; slip and anti-blocking agents; stabilizers; stearates; ultraviolet light absorbers; viscosity regulators; waxes; and combinations thereof.
27. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 20 , wherein the graphite is selected from the group consisting of natural flake graphite, synthetic flake graphite, synthetic spheroid graphite, and combinations thereof.
28. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 20 , wherein the polyvinyl halide compound contains no copolymerized co-monomer or contains copolymerized co-monomer in an amount of less than 5 weight percent.
29. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 20 , wherein the ratio of the amount of graphite to the amount of polyvinyl halide resin is from 0.22:1 to 1.33:1 by weight.
30. A polyvinyl halide compound having thermal conductivity, comprising:
polyvinyl halide resin;
natural or synthetic graphite of flake or spheroid form; and
at least 0.5 and less than or equal to 6.4 weight percent of epoxidized vegetable oil;
wherein the polyvinyl halide compound contains essentially no additional plasticizer.
31. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 30 , wherein the polyvinyl halide compound comprises natural flake graphite.
32. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 31 , wherein the polyvinyl halide compound further comprises synthetic flake graphite.
33. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 30 , wherein the polyvinyl halide resin comprises polyvinyl chloride.
34. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 30 , wherein the amount of graphite present in the polyvinyl halide compound is from about 15 to about 65 weight percent of the polyvinyl halide compound.
35. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 30 , wherein the amount of epoxidized vegetable oil present in the polyvinyl halide compound is from 1 to 6 weight percent of the polyvinyl halide compound.
36. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 30 , wherein the polyvinyl halide compound also comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of adhesion promoters; biocides; anti-fogging agents; anti-static agents; bonding, blowing and foaming agents; dispersants; fillers and extenders; fire and flame retardants and smoke suppressants; impact modifiers; initiators; lubricants; micas; pigments, colorants and dyes; processing aids; release agents; silanes, titanates and zirconates; slip and anti-blocking agents; stabilizers; stearates; ultraviolet light absorbers; viscosity regulators; waxes; and combinations thereof.
37. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 30 , wherein the graphite is selected from the group consisting of natural flake graphite, synthetic flake graphite, synthetic spheroid graphite, and combinations thereof.
38. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 30 , wherein the polyvinyl halide compound contains no copolymerized co-monomer or contains copolymerized co-monomer in an amount of less than 5 weight percent.
39. The polyvinyl halide compound of claim 30 , wherein the ratio of the amount of graphite to the amount of polyvinyl halide resin is from 0.22:1 to 1.33:1 by weight.