Separators with fibrous mat, lead acid batteries using the same, and methods and systems associated therewith
In at least one embodiment, a separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. New or improved mats, separators, batteries, methods, and/or systems are also disclosed, shown, claimed, and/or provided. For example, in at least one possibly preferred embodiment, a composite separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In at least one possibly particularly preferred embodiment, a PE membrane separator is provided with at least one fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, aspects and/or objects, the present invention, application, or disclosure may provide solutions, new products, improved products, new methods, and/or improved methods, and/or may address issues, needs, and/or problems of PAM shedding. NAM shedding, electrode distortion, active material shedding, active material loss, and/or physical separation, electrode effectiveness, battery performance, battery life, and/or cycle life, and/or may provide new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems that address the challenges arising from current lead acid batteries or battery systems, especially new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems adapted to prevent or impede the shedding of active material from the electrodes, preferably or particularly in enhanced flooded lead acid batteries, PSoC batteries, ISS batteries, ESS batteries, and/or the like.
1. A lead-acid battery separator assembly comprising:
a separator layer which comprises a porous membrane;
a nonwoven fibrous mat, wherein said separator layer and fibrous mat are laminated together;
said fibrous mat being disposed adjacent to said separator layer; and
wherein said fibrous mat has: an electrical resistance in the range of approximately 6 mΩ·cm 2 to approximately 14 mΩ·cm 2 , an average pore size of from 0.1 to 4 μm, and an air permeability in the range of approximately 1500 l/m 2 ·s to approximately 2500l/m 2 ·s.
2. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 1 , wherein said fibrous mat has a thickness of between about 200 μm to 450 μm.
3. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 1 , wherein said fibrous mat has an electrical resistance less than approximately 11 mΩ·cm 2 .
4. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 1 , wherein said fibrous mat has an area weight in the range of approximately 50 g/m 2 to approximately 65 g/m 2 .
5. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 1 , wherein said fibrous mat has a preferred binder content in the range of approximately 15% by weight to approximately 21% weight.
6. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 1 , wherein said fibrous mat has tensile strength in the machine direction of approximately 200 N/50 mm.
7. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 1 , wherein said fibrous mat has tensile strength in the cross-machine direction of approximately 150 N/50 mm.
8. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 1 , wherein said fibrous mat comprises a synthetic fiber diameter of approximately 7.2 μm.
9. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 1 , wherein said fibrous mat comprises fibers selected from the group consisting of: glass fibers, synthetic fibers, and combinations thereof.
10. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 9 , wherein said synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of: polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylic, other plastics, polymer, homopolymer, copolymer, and any combination thereof.
11. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 1 , wherein said fibrous mat comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of: rubber, silica, soluble fibers, a gelling agent, a surfactant, and combinations thereof.
12. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 11 , wherein said additive is applied as a coating, impregnated into said fibrous mat, dispersed within said fibrous mat, added in the manufacture of said porous membrane, or a combination thereof.
13. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 1 , wherein said separator layer comprises one from the group consisting of: ribs, broken ribs, serrated ribs, embattlemented ribs, embossed ribs, negative cross ribs, and any combination thereof.
14. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 1 , wherein said separator layer comprises a plurality of broken ribs, wherein said plurality of broken ribs are defined by an angular orientation.
15. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 14 , wherein said angular orientation is relative to a machine direction of said separator layer, and said angular orientation is an angle chosen from the group consisting of: between greater than zero degrees (0°) and less than 180 degrees (180°), and between greater than 180 degrees (180°) and less than 360 degrees (360°).
16. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 1 , wherein said separator layer comprises a rubber.
17. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 16 , wherein said rubber is selected from the group consisting of: latex, methyl rubber, polybutadiene, chloropene rubbers, butyl rubber, bromobutyl rubber, polyurethane rubber, epichlorhydrin rubber, polysulphide rubber, chlorosulphonyl polyethylene, polynorbornene rubber, acrylate rubber, fluorine rubber, silicone rubber, copolymer rubbers, and combinations thereof.
18. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 17 , wherein said copolymer rubbers is selected from the group consisting of: styrene/butadiene rubbers, acrylonitrile/butadiene rubbers, ethylene/polypropylene rubbers (EPM and EPDM), ethylene/vinyl acetate rubbers, and combinations thereof.
19. The lead-acid battery separator assembly of claim 16 , wherein said rubber is cross-linked or uncross-linked.
20. A lead-acid battery separator comprising:
a porous membrane;
a nonwoven fibrous mat, wherein said separator layer and fibrous mat are laminated together;
said fibrous mat being disposed adjacent to said porous membrane; and
wherein said fibrous mat has: an electrical resistance in the range of approximately 6 mΩ·cm 2 to approximately 14 mΩ·cm 2 , an average pore size of less than 4 μm, and an air permeability in the range of approximately 1500 l/m 2 s to approximately 2500 l/m 2 s.
21. A lead-acid battery separator assembly comprising:
a separator layer;
a nonwoven fibrous mat, wherein said separator layer and fibrous mat are laminated together;
said fibrous mat being disposed adjacent to said separator layer;
wherein said fibrous mat has: an electrical resistance in the range of approximately 6 mΩ·cm 2 to approximately 14 mΩ·cm 2 , and an average pore size of less than 4 μm; and,
wherein said separator layer comprises a rubber.