Methods for operating an electrostatic particle sensor
Various embodiments include a method for operating an electrostatic particle sensor to detect the particle concentration in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the sensor comprising a first electrode, a second electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode by an insulating body, a guard electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode and from the second electrode by the insulating body, and a voltage supply. The method comprises: applying a first electric potential to the first electrode; applying a second electric potential to the second electrode; applying an guard potential to the guard electrode; and limiting a first leakage current flowing between the first electrode and the guard electrode via the insulating body to a first leakage-current limiting value using a first electrical limiting resistor arranged between the guard electrode and the voltage supply.
1. A method for operating an electrostatic particle sensor to detect the particle concentration in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the sensor comprising a first electrode, a second electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode by an insulating body, a guard electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode and from the second electrode by the insulating body, and a voltage supply, wherein the method comprises:
applying a first electric potential to the first electrode;
applying a second electric potential to the second electrode, wherein the second electric potential is at ground;
applying an electric guard potential to the guard electrode, wherein the electric guard potential is a positive non-zero potential; and
limiting a first leakage current flowing between the first electrode and the guard electrode via the insulating body to a first leakage-current limiting value using a first electrical limiting resistor arranged between the guard electrode and the voltage supply.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising limiting a second leakage current flowing between the guard electrode and the second electrode via the insulating body using a second electrical limiting resistor arranged between the second electrode and the voltage supply.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:
detecting the first leakage current and, if the detected first leakage current exceeds a predetermined first leakage-current threshold value:
disconnecting the first electrode from the first electric potential; and
disconnecting the guard electrode from the guard potential.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the first electrode is disconnected from the first electric potential and the guard electrode is disconnected from the guard potential until the detected first leakage current falls below the predetermined first leakage-current threshold value again.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the first electrode is disconnected from the first electric potential and the guard electrode is disconnected from the guard potential for at least a first predetermined timespan.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:
detecting a second leakage current flowing between the second electrode and the guard electrode via the insulating body and, if the detected second leakage current exceeds a predetermined second leakage-current threshold value:
disconnecting the guard electrode from the guard potential and
disconnecting the second electrode from the second electric potential.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the guard electrode is disconnected from the guard potential and the second electrode is disconnected from the second electric potential until the detected second leakage current falls below the predetermined second leakage-current threshold value again.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the guard electrode is disconnected from the guard potential and the second electrode is disconnected from the second electric potential for at least a second predetermined timespan.
9. An electrostatic particle sensor for detecting a particle concentration in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the sensor comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode;
an insulating body electrically insulating the second electrode from the first electrode; a guard electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode and from the second electrode by means of the insulating body;
a voltage supply configured to apply a first electric potential to the first electrode, to apply a second electric potential to the second electrode, and to apply an electric guard potential to the guard electrode, wherein the second electric potential is at ground, wherein the electric guard potential is a positive non-zero potential; and
a first electrical limiting resistor arranged between the guard electrode and the voltage supply for limiting a first leakage current flowing between the first electrode and the guard electrode via the insulating body.
10. The electrostatic particle sensor as claimed in claim 9 , further comprising a second electrical limiting resistor arranged between the second electrode and the voltage supply for limiting a second leakage current flowing between the guard electrode and the second electrode via the insulating body.