Net for aquaculture
The invention relates to a net, preferably a net for aquaculture, wherein the net comprises cords joined in a net mesh, wherein each cord comprises one or more yarns, the yarns having a tenacity of at least 0.6 N/tex and wherein the net has a mesh size of at least 8 mm, characterized in that the cords further comprise a polymeric resin, wherein the polymeric resin is a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene and/or propylene, wherein the polymeric resin has a density as measured according to ISO1183 in the range from 860 to 970 kg/m3, a melting temperature in the range from 40 to 140° C. and a heat of fusion of at least 5 J/g. The invention further relates to a fishing net, a fish farming construction comprising said net, a fish farm, and a method for fish farming.
1. A net comprising cords joined in a net mesh, wherein the net is a knotless net having a mesh size of at least 8 mm, and wherein
each cord comprises one or more yarns, the yarns comprising fibers formed of ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMWPE) fibers, the yarns having a tenacity of at least 0.6 N/tex as measured according to ASTM D885M, and wherein
the cords further comprise a polymeric resin which impregnates the one or more yarns throughout a cross-section thereof such that the polymeric resin is present between substantially all of the fibers of the one or more yarns and in contact with at least 70% of surfaces of the fibers of the one or more yarns, and wherein
the polymeric resin is a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene and/or propylene, wherein the polymeric resin has a density as measured according to ISO1183-2004 in the range from 860 to 970 kg/m 3 , a peak melting temperature measured according to ASTM E794-06 in the range from 40 to 140° C. and a heat of fusion of at least 5 J/g measured according to ASTM E793-85 considering a second heating curve at a heating rate of 10 K/min on a dry sample.
2. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric resin is present as particles dispersed throughout the cross-section of the one or more yarns.
3. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the cords are braids comprising at least three yarns.
4. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric resin is also present as a sheath forming an outer layer of the cords.
5. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the cords are joined in the net mesh by knotless inter-braiding.
6. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the UHMWPE fibers in the yarns comprise continuous filaments and/or staple fibers formed of the UHMWPE.
7. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the cords comprise from 0.1 to 40 wt % of the polymeric resin, based on weight of polymeric resin per weight of the yarn present in the cord.
8. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the cords of the net have a total yarn linear density in the range of from 1,000 to 100,000 dtex.
9. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the resin is selected from the group consisting of:
ethylene-propylene co-polymers;
ethylene copolymers with co-monomers of 1-butene or isobutylene;
ethylene copolymers with hetero atom containing co-monomers;
copolymers of ethylene or propylene containing as co-monomers one or more olefins having 2 to 12 C-atoms; and
copolymer of ethylene or propylene containing one or more co-monomer of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and/or vinyl acetate.
10. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the resin is an ethylene copolymer with at least one co-monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate.
11. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the resin is an ethylene copolymer with one or more co-monomer of an α-olefin and/or a cyclic olefin homopolymers, copolymers or blends thereof.
12. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the resin is a copolymer of ethylene or propylene with at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, isobutene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and vinyl acetate.
13. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the cords are braided, laid or parallel arrangements of the one or more yarns.
14. The net according to claim 1 , wherein at least 70% of the surface of the fibers of the one or more yarns in the cords of the net is in contact with the polymeric resin.
15. The net according to claim 1 , wherein at least 90% of the surface of the fibers of the one or more yarns in the cords of the net is in contact with the polymeric resin.
16. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the resin impregnates the cross-section of the one or more yarns.
17. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the knotless net is a raschel knitted net.
18. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the UHMWPE fibers are fibers with a filament tenacity of at least 1.0 N/tex.
19. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more yarns have a tenacity of at least 2.0 N/tex.
20. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the mesh size of the knotless net is at least 10 mm.
21. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric resin has a density as measured according to ISO1183-2004 in a range of 870 to 950 kg/m 3 .
22. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric resin has heat of fusion in a range of 15 to 150 J/g.
23. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric resin has a peak melting temperature in a range of 50 to 130° C.
24. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the net is a sport net, a playground equipment net, a bird net, a falling protection net system, a drowning protection net, a cargo net, a slip protection net, a snow chain for vehicles, a coastal protection net, a hydro barrier netting, a geotextile net, fencing for animal farming installations or an anti-thievery net for goods.
25. The net according to claim 1 , wherein the net is a fishing net or an aquaculture net.
26. A fish farming construction comprising a frame, and the net according to claim 1 joined to the frame to at least partially enclose a volume.
27. A fish farm comprising the fish farming construction according to claim 26 .
28. A method of farming fish which comprises forming a netted off volume of river, lake, sea or ocean water with the net according to claim 1 .
29. The method according to claim 28 , further comprising the steps of:
(a) introducing fish to the netted off volume of river, lake, sea or ocean water;
(b) providing nutrition to the fish; and
(c) harvesting the fish.
30. A method to produce the net according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(a) providing the one or more yarns comprising fibers formed of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers;
(b) assembling the one or more yarns into cords and thereafter forming the cords into a knotless net comprising the yarns;
(c) applying an aqueous suspension comprising the polymeric resin in the form of particles to the at least one yarn before, during or after assembling the one or more yarns into cords according to step (b); and
(d) at least partially drying the aqueous suspension of the polymeric resin applied to the one or more yarns such that the polymeric resin particles are present throughout the cross-section of the one or more yarns to obtain the knotless net having the mesh size of at least 8 mm.
31. The method according to claim 30 , further comprising the step of:
(e) optionally exposing the one or more yarns to a temperature in a range of a melting temperature of the resin to 153° C. during and/or after at least partially drying the suspension according to step (d) so as to at least partially melt the polymeric resin particles.
32. The method according to claim 31 , wherein the mesh size of the knotless net is at least 10 mm.
33. The method according to claim 31 , wherein the wherein the polymeric resin is selected from the group consisting of:
ethylene-propylene co-polymers;
ethylene copolymers with co-monomers of 1-butene or isobutylene;
ethylene copolymers with hetero atom containing co-monomers;
copolymers of ethylene or propylene containing as co-monomers one or more olefins having 2 to 12 C-atoms; and
copolymer of ethylene or propylene containing one or more co-monomer of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and/or vinyl acetate.
34. The method according to claim 31 , wherein the resin is an ethylene copolymer with at least one co-monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate.
35. The method according to claim 31 , wherein the resin is an ethylene copolymer with one or more co-monomer of an α-olefin and/or a cyclic olefin homopolymers, copolymers or blends thereof.
36. The method according to claim 31 , wherein the resin is a copolymer of ethylene or propylene with at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, isobutene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and vinyl acetate.