Graphite-based compositions with increased volume resistivity
A blended thermoplastic composition includes: from about 20 wt % to about 99 wt % of a thermoplastic polymer element; from about 1 wt % to about 60 wt % of a graphite-based filler element including at least about 0.01 wt % functional groups on a surface of the graphite-based filler element; from about 0.1 wt % to about 30 wt % of a functional agent element; and from about 0 to about 50 wt % of a thermally conductive and electrically insulative filler. The functional agent element includes functional groups that interact with the functional groups on the surface of the graphite-based filler element, resulting in an increase of the volume resistivity of the blended thermoplastic composition that is at least 1*10 2 greater than the volume resistivity of a substantially identical electrically conductive blended thermoplastic composition that does not include a functional agent element.
1. A blended thermoplastic composition comprising:
(a) from about 20 wt % to about 99 wt % of a thermoplastic polymer element;
(b) from about 1 wt % to about 60 wt % of a graphite-based filler element comprising at least about 0.01 wt % functional groups on a surface of the graphite-based filler element;
(c) from about 0.1 wt % to about 30 wt % of a functional agent element; and
(d) from about 0 to about 50 wt % of a thermally conductive and electrically insulative filler,
wherein the functional agent element comprises functional groups that interact with the functional groups on the surface of the graphite-based filler element.
2. The blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the functional groups on the surface of the graphite-based filler element comprise oxygen-based functional groups, nitrogen-based functional groups, or a combination thereof.
3. The blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 2 , wherein the graphite-based filler element is pre-treated to increase content of the oxygen-based functional groups or the nitrogen-based functional groups on the surface of the graphite-based filler element.
4. The blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 3 , wherein the graphite-based filler element is pre-treated by one or more of a plasma process, an oxidizing process, a high temperature air process, or an ozone process to increase content of the oxygen-based functional groups or the nitrogen-based functional groups on the surface of the graphite-based filler element.
5. The blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the functional agent element comprises a polymer element comprising an epoxy functional group, a maleic anhydride functional group, an amine functional group or a combination thereof.
6. The blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the functional agent element comprises functional groups including maleic anhydride (MAH), epoxy or amine groups.
7. A blended thermoplastic composition comprising:
(a) from about 20 wt % to about 99 wt % of a thermoplastic polymer element;
(b) from about 1 wt % to about 60 wt % of a pre-treated graphite-based filler element comprising at least about 0.01 wt % functional groups on a surface of the pre-treated graphite-based filler element;
(c) from about 0.1 wt % to about 30 wt % of a functional agent element; and
(d) from about 0 to about 50 wt % of a thermally conductive and electrically insulative filler,
wherein
the pre-treated graphite-based filler element is pre-treated to increase content of functional groups on the surface of the pre-treated graphite-based filler element, and
the functional agent element comprises a thermoplastic polymer that comprises functional groups that interact with the functional groups on the surface of the pre-treated graphite-based filler element, resulting in an increase of the volume resistivity of the blended thermoplastic composition that is at least 1*10 2 greater than the volume resistivity of a substantially identical electrically conductive blended thermoplastic composition that does not include a pre-treated graphite-based filler element.
8. The blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 7 , wherein the functional groups of the functional agent element comprise amine groups, maleic anhydride groups, epoxide groups, hydroxyl groups, or a combination thereof.
9. The blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 7 , wherein the functional agent element comprises polyamide, ethylene-methylacrylate-glycidylacrylate copolymer, ethylene-glycidylmethylacrylate copolymer, poly(vinyl alcohol), polybutylene terephthalate, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof.
10. The blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 7 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer element and the functional agent element comprise the same thermoplastic polymer.
11. The blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 7 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer element and the functional agent element comprise different thermoplastic polymers.
12. The blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 7 , wherein the functional groups on the surface of the pre-treated graphite-based filler element comprise oxygen-based functional groups, nitrogen-based functional groups, or a combination thereof.
13. The blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 12 , wherein the pre-treated graphite-based filler element is pre-treated by one or more of a plasma process, an oxidizing process, a high temperature air process, or an ozone process to increase content of the oxygen-based functional groups or the nitrogen-based functional groups on the surface of the pre-treated graphite-based filler element.
14. The blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the thermally conductive and electrically insulative filler comprises boron nitride, Mg(OH) 2 , MgO, CaCO 3 , silica, alumina, aluminum silicate, ZnO, ZnS, talc and combinations thereof.
15. The blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer element comprises a polyolefin compound, a polyaryl sulfide compound, a polyamide compound, a polyester compound, a polycarbonate compound, a polyphenylene ether compound, a polyetherimide compound, copolymers comprising any of these compounds, blends comprising any of these compounds, and combinations thereof.
16. The blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the interactions comprise covalent bonds or non-covalent interactions.
17. A method of using a blended thermoplastic composition in a high thermal conductivity and reduced electrical conductivity article comprising:
exposing an article comprising the blended thermoplastic composition according to claim 1 to an elevated temperature for a sustained time,
wherein the article is used in an application requiring the blended thermoplastic composition to have a thermal conductivity of at least 0.6 watts per meter-Kelvin (W/mK) and a volume resistivity of at least 1*10 5 Ohm-cm.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the elevated temperature comprises a temperature of from about 40 degrees Celsius (° C.) to about 250° C. and the sustained time comprises a time of from about 24 hours to about 30 years.
19. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the application is a consumer electronics application, an LED lighting application or a power application.
20. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the article is a molded article.