Apparatus, a method and a computer program for video coding and decoding

1. An apparatus comprising:

at least one processor and at least one non-transitory memory, said at least one memory stored with code thereon, which when executed by said at least one processor, causes the apparatus to perform:

encode an input picture sequence into a first bitstream, to encode the input picture sequence into the first bitstream the apparatus is further caused to:

encode a first input picture into first two coded pictures of the first bitstream, wherein one of said first two coded pictures of the first bitstream is a first shared coded picture; and

encode a first set of input pictures into a first set of coded pictures of the first bitstream, following in decoding order the first two coded pictures of the first bitstream, wherein any picture subsequent to the first shared coded picture in decoding order is not predicted from any picture that precedes the first shared coded picture in decoding order and that is not a shared coded picture; and

encode the input picture sequence into a second bitstream, to encode the input picture sequence into the second bitstream the apparatus is further caused to:

encode the first input picture into first two coded pictures of the second bitstream, wherein one of said first two coded pictures of the second bitstream is the first shared coded picture, and wherein the one of said first two coded pictures of the second bitstream shares an identifier value with the first shared coded picture; and

encode the first set of input pictures into a second set of coded pictures of the second bitstream, following in decoding order the first two coded pictures of the second bitstream and differing from the first set of coded pictures of the first bitstream, wherein any picture subsequent to the first shared coded picture in decoding order is not predicted from any picture that precedes the first shared coded picture in decoding order and that is not a shared coded picture.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first shared coded picture uses as prediction only zero or more other shared coded pictures.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is further caused to:

indicate that switching between the first and second bitstreams is allowed starting from the first shared coded picture, said indication residing in the first and/or second bitstream, in a first segment or sub-segment formed from the first bitstream, in a second segment or sub-segment formed from the second bitstream, and/or in a media presentation description.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein to indicate that the switching between the first and second bitstreams is allowed starting from the first shared coded picture, the apparatus is further caused to:

include the identifier value for the first shared coded picture in or along both the first and second bitstream.

5. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform:

form the first segment or sub-segment so that it starts, in decoding order, with the first shared coded picture;

form the second segment or sub-segment so that it starts, in decoding order, with the first shared coded picture; and

indicate in the media presentation description that the switching between the first and second bitstreams is allowed at start of the first or second segment or sub-segment.

6. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform:

indicate, in the media presentation description, that the first and second bitstreams are alternatives for extraction into a collection representation.

7. A method comprising:

encoding an input picture sequence into a first bitstream, said encoding comprising:

encoding a first input picture into first two coded pictures of the first bitstream, wherein one of said first two coded pictures of the first bitstream is a first shared coded picture; and

encoding a first set of input pictures into a first set of coded pictures of the first bitstream, following in decoding order the first two coded pictures of the first bitstream, wherein any picture subsequent to the first shared coded picture in decoding order is not predicted from any picture that precedes the first shared coded picture in decoding order and that is not a shared coded picture; and

encoding the input picture sequence into a second bitstream, said encoding comprising:

encoding the first input picture into first two coded pictures of the second bitstream, wherein one of said first two coded pictures of the second bitstream is the first shared coded picture, and wherein the one of said first two coded pictures of the second bitstream shares an identifier value with the first shared coded picture; and

encoding the first set of input pictures into a second set of coded pictures of the second bitstream, following in decoding order the first two coded pictures of the second bitstream and differing from the first set of coded pictures of the first bitstream, wherein any picture subsequent to the first shared coded picture in decoding order is not predicted from any picture that precedes the first shared coded picture in decoding order and that is not a shared coded picture.

8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the first shared coded picture uses as prediction only zero or more other shared coded pictures.

9. The method according to claim 7 , further comprising:

indicating that switching between the first and second bitstreams is allowed starting from the first shared coded picture, said indication residing in the first and/or second bitstream, in a first segment or sub-segment formed from the first bitstream, in a second segment or sub-segment formed from the second bitstream, and/or in a media presentation description.

10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein said indicating that the switching between the first and second bitstreams is allowed starting from the first shared coded picture comprises:

including the identifier value for the first shared coded picture in or along both the first and second bitstream.

11. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising

forming the first segment or sub-segment so that it starts, in decoding order, with the first shared coded picture;

forming the second segment or sub-segment so that it starts, in decoding order, with the first shared coded picture; and

indicating in the media presentation description that the switching between the first and second bitstreams is allowed at start of the first or second segment or sub-segment.

12. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising:

indicating, in the media presentation description, that the first and second bitstreams are alternatives for extraction into a collection representation.

13. An apparatus comprising

at least one processor and at least one non-transitory memory, said at least one memory stored with code thereon, which when executed by said at least one processor, causes the apparatus to perform:

obtain at least a first segment or sub-segment from first one of a first bitstream or a second bitstream;

obtain a next segment or sub-segment of another one of the first and second bitstreams comprising a switching point that is a first shared coded picture wherein:

the first shared coded picture is present in both the first and second bitstreams, wherein the first shared coded picture present in the first bitstream shares an identifier value with the first shared coded picture present in the second bitstream;

the first shared coded picture is followed in decoding order by another picture representing a same input picture as the first shared coded picture; and

any coded picture following the first shared coded picture in decoding order is not predicted from any picture that precedes the first shared coded picture in decoding order and that is not a shared coded picture; and

decode the at least the first segment or sub-segment and the next segment or sub-segment as a concatenation.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein to obtain, the apparatus is further caused to request said segments or sub-segments from a server and receiving said segments or sub-segments.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein the apparatus is further caused to:

parse a first indication that switching between a first bitstream and a second bitstream is allowed, said first indication residing in the first and/or second bitstream, in a first segment or sub-segment formed from the first bitstream, in a second segment or sub-segment formed from the second bitstream, and/or in a media presentation description;

determine to switch from the first one of the first and second bitstreams to the another one of the first and second bitstreams; and

determine on the basis of the first indication or a second indication the next segment or sub-segment of the another one of the first and second bitstreams that comprises a switching point.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein said first indication comprises the identifier value for the first shared coded picture in or along both the first and second bitstream.

17. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the apparatus is further caused to:

decode, from the media presentation description, that the switching between the first and second bitstreams is allowed at start of the next segment or sub-segment.

18. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the apparatus is further caused to:

decode, from the media presentation description, that the first and second bitstreams are alternatives for extraction into a collection representation; and

request, receive, resolve, and/or decode the collection representation.

19. A method comprising:

obtaining at least a first segment or sub-segment from first one of a first bitstream or a second bitstream;

obtaining a next segment or sub-segment of another one of the first and second bitstreams comprising a switching point that is a first shared coded picture wherein

the first shared coded picture is present in both the first and second bitstreams, wherein the first shared coded picture present in the first bitstream shares an identifier value with the first shared coded picture present in the second bitstream,

the first shared coded picture is followed in decoding order by another picture representing a same input picture as the first shared coded picture, and

any coded picture following the first shared coded picture in decoding order is not predicted from any picture that precedes the first shared coded picture in decoding order and that is not a shared coded picture; and

decoding the at least the first segment or sub-segment and the next segment or sub-segment as a concatenation.

20. A method according to claim 19 , wherein said obtaining comprises requesting said segments or sub-segments from a server and receiving said segments or sub-segments.

21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one of said first two coded pictures of the second bitstream and the first shared coded picture are substantially identical.

22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first bitstream and the second bitstream comprise a single stream of decodable pictures.