Intraluminal microneurography denervation probe with radio frequency ablation

1. An intraluminal microneurography probe, comprising:

a probe body that is substantially cylindrical and having a diameter and a length that is perpendicular to the diameter, the probe body configured to be introduced into a blood vessel near an organ of a body without preventing blood flow through the blood vessel: and

an expandable sense electrode configured to expand from the probe body toward a wall of the blood vessel when introduced, wherein the expandable sense electrode comprises an expandable wire helix that provides a continuously electrically exposed mesh of wires that expands to form a continuous conductive outer circumference to permit an entire outer circumference of the expandable sense electrode to provide circumferential electrical contact with the wall of the blood vessel; and

an expandable stimulation electrode configured to expand from the probe body toward the wall of the blood vessel when introduced, wherein the expandable stimulation electrode comprises an expandable wire helix that provides a continuously electrically exposed mesh of wires that expands to form a continuous conductive outer circumference to permit an entire outer circumference of the expandable stimulation electrode to provide circumferential electrical contact with the wall of the blood vessel,

wherein the expandable sense electrode and the expandable stimulation electrode are substantially distanced apart to enable the expandable sense electrode to be used to accurately detect a typical nerve action potential without interference from the expandable stimulation electrode.

2. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 1 , wherein the expandable sense electrode is fixed to the probe body at a first end of the expandable sense electrode and movable relative to the probe body at a second end of the expandable sense electrode such that movement of the second end toward the first end causes the expandable sense electrode to expand.

3. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 1 , further comprising:

a first ground electrode configured to couple to the probe body; and

a set of electrical connections operable to electrically couple at least the expandable sense electrode, the expandable stimulation electrode, and the first ground electrode to electrical circuitry.

4. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 3 , wherein the expandable stimulation electrode is fixed to the probe body at a first end of the expandable stimulation electrode and movable relative to the probe body at a second end of the expandable stimulation electrode such that movement of the second end toward the first end causes the expandable sense electrode to expand.

5. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 3 , wherein the first ground electrode is on or near the probe body.

6. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 5 , further comprising a second ground electrode such that separate sense ground and stimulation ground electrodes are provided.

7. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 1 , wherein the diameter of the probe body is 2 mm or less.

8. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 1 , wherein the blood vessel is a renal artery.

9. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 1 , wherein each wire of the continuously electrically exposed mesh of wires has a diameter of 8 to 10 thousandths of an inch.

10. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 1 , wherein the expandable sense electrode and the expandable stimulation electrode are about 3 cm apart.

11. An intraluminal microneurography system, comprising:

an intraluminal microneurography probe, comprising:

a probe body configured to be introduced into a blood vessel without preventing blood flow through the blood vessel;

an expandable stimulation electrode configured to expand from the probe body toward a wall of the blood vessel when introduced; and

an expandable sense electrode configured to expand from the probe body toward the wall of the blood vessel when introduced;

a first ground electrode;

a second ground electrode;

a stimulation circuit electrically coupled to the expandable stimulation electrode and the first ground electrode, the stimulation circuit configured to deliver one or more stimulation pulses with reference to the first ground electrode;

a sense circuit electrically coupled to the expandable sense electrode and the second ground electrode, the sense circuit configured to sense nerve response signals with reference to the second ground electrode; and

a filter coupled between the first ground electrode and the second ground electrode.

12. The intraluminal microneurography system of claim 11 , further comprising a sheath operable to guide the probe into position within the blood vessel.

13. The intraluminal microneurography system of claim 12 , wherein the first ground electrode is coupled to the sheath.

14. The intraluminal microneurography system of claim 12 , wherein the second ground electrode is coupled to the probe body.

15. The intraluminal microneurography system of claim 12 , wherein the first ground electrode is coupled to the sheath and the second ground electrode is coupled to the probe body; and the filter is a low-pass filter.

16. The intraluminal microneurography system of claim 11 , wherein the filter, which is coupled between the first ground electrode and the second ground electrode, has a frequency response selected such that the second ground electrode does not drift significantly from the first ground electrode.

17. The intraluminal microneurography system of claim 11 , wherein the filter, which is coupled between the first ground electrode and the second ground electrode, has a time constant selected such that the second ground electrode does not drift significantly from the first ground electrode.

18. The intraluminal microneurography system of claim 11 , wherein the expandable sense electrode comprises:

a wire having a diameter less than 15 thousandths of an inch, or a mesh of wires, each wire of the mesh of wires having a diameter less than 15 thousandths of an inch.

19. An intraluminal microneurography probe, comprising:

a probe body that is substantially cylindrical and having a diameter and a length that is perpendicular to the diameter, the probe body configured to be introduced into a blood vessel near an organ of a body without preventing blood flow through the blood vessel;

an expandable sense electrode configured to expand from the probe body toward a wall of the blood vessel when introduced, wherein the expandable sense electrode comprises an expandable wire helix that provides a continuously electrically exposed mesh of wires that expands to form a continuous conductive outer circumference to permit an entire outer circumference of the expandable sense electrode to provide circumferential electrical contact with the wall of the blood vessel;

a neural ablation element attached to the probe body; and

an expandable stimulation electrode configured to expand from the probe body toward the wall of the blood vessel when introduced, wherein the expandable stimulation electrode comprises an expandable wire helix that provides a continuously electrically exposed mesh of wires that expands to form a continuous conductive outer circumference to permit an entire outer circumference of the expandable stimulation electrode to provide circumferential electrical contact with the wall of the blood vessel,

wherein the expandable sense electrode and the expandable stimulation electrode are substantially distanced apart to enable the expandable sense electrode to be used to accurately detect a typical nerve action potential without interference from the expandable stimulation electrode.

20. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 19 further comprising:

a ground electrode configured to couple to the probe body; and

a set of electrical connections operable to electrically couple at least the expandable sense electrode, the expandable stimulation electrode, the neural ablation element, and the ground electrode to electrical circuitry.

21. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 19 , wherein the neural ablation element is attached to the probe body at a location between the expandable sense electrode and the expandable stimulation electrode.

22. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 19 , wherein the neural ablation element includes a radio frequency ablation element.

23. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 22 , further comprising a reflector configured to direct energy from the radio frequency ablation element in a specific direction.

24. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 19 , wherein the neural ablation element comprises a microwave frequency ablation element.

25. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 19 , further comprising a liquid cooling element configured to cool the neural ablation element.

26. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 25 , wherein the liquid cooling element comprises a liquid jacket through which cooling liquid is pumped.

27. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 19 , wherein each wire of the continuously electrically exposed mesh of wires has a diameter of less than 8 thousandths of an inch.

28. The intraluminal microneurography probe of claim 19 , wherein the expandable sense electrode and the expandable stimulation electrode are about 3 cm apart.