Waveguide interconnect transitions and related sensor assemblies
Antenna assemblies for vehicles, such as RADAR sensor antenna assemblies. In some embodiments, the assembly may comprise an antenna block defining a first waveguide on a first side of the antenna block and a second waveguide on a second side of the antenna block. The assembly may comprise a vertical waveguide extending from the first side of the antenna block to the second side of the antenna block. The vertical waveguide may be functionally coupled with the first waveguide and the second waveguide. One or both of the first and second waveguides may comprise a transitional region configured to facilitate redirection of electromagnetic waves to the vertical waveguide.
1. An antenna module, comprising:
an antenna block comprising one or more structures defining a first waveguide on a first surface of the antenna block and a second waveguide comprising one or more structures on a second surface of the antenna block, the first surface being distinct from the second surface such that the one or more structures of the first surface extend in a different direction with respect to the one or more structures of the second surface; and
a vertical waveguide extending from the first surface of the antenna block to the second surface of the antenna block, wherein the vertical waveguide is coupled with the first waveguide and the second waveguide, wherein the first waveguide comprises a transitional region adjacent to the vertical waveguide, wherein the transitional region is configured to facilitate redirection of electromagnetic waves from the first waveguide to the vertical waveguide.
2. The antenna module of claim 1 , wherein the vertical waveguide comprises:
a first ridge positioned on a first side of the vertical waveguide and extending between the first surface of the antenna block and the second surface of the antenna block; and
a second ridge positioned on a second side of the vertical waveguide opposite from the first side of the vertical waveguide and extending between the first surface of the antenna block and the second surface of the antenna block.
3. The antenna module of claim 2 , wherein the vertical waveguide defines an opening between the first surface of the antenna block and the second surface of the antenna block that is at least substantially in a shape of a letter H in cross section.
4. The antenna module of claim 1 , wherein the transitional region comprises at least one tuning element configured to allow for tuning of one or more physical characteristics of the transitional region to reduce at least one of signal loss and signal distortion of a signal carried by the electromagnetic waves redirected in the transitional region.
5. The antenna module of claim 4 , wherein the at least one tuning element comprises at least one of:
a depth of a step between a tuning section of a first waveguide ridge of the first waveguide and the first ridge of the vertical waveguide;
at least one of a height, a length, and a width of the tuning section adjacent to the first ridge of the vertical waveguide, the height being defined in a direction at least substantially perpendicular to the first surface of the antenna block and the length being defined in a direction at least substantially perpendicular to the height, and the width being defined in a direction at least substantially perpendicular to both the length and the height;
an offset region extending along the first waveguide, the offset region directing the first waveguide at an acute angle relative to at least one of the first and second ridges of the vertical waveguide; and
a terminal tuning ridge positioned on a side of the first waveguide opposite from a side from which electromagnetic waves directed through the vertical waveguide are transmitted relative to the vertical waveguide.
6. The antenna module of claim 5 , wherein the at least one tuning element comprises at least the offset region, and wherein the offset region comprises an offset ridge portion.
7. The antenna module of claim 6 , wherein the offset ridge portion comprises at least one of multiple straight ridge portions angled relative to each other and a curved ridge portion extending the offset ridge portion away from the vertical waveguide.
8. The antenna module of claim 1 , wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide each comprises a waveguide groove and a waveguide ridge positioned therein, and wherein each of at least a subset of the waveguide ridges of the first and second waveguides is contiguous with at least one of the first ridge and the second ridge of the vertical waveguide.
9. The antenna module of claim 8 , wherein the waveguide groove of each of the first waveguide and the second waveguide is at least partially defined by a plurality of posts positioned opposite from one another and having a waveguide ridge positioned within the respective waveguide groove between opposite posts of the plurality of posts.
10. An antenna module, comprising:
a first waveguide defined by a first plurality of posts formed in a waveguide layer of the antenna module and a first waveguide ridge positioned in between at least two opposing rows of the first plurality of posts;
a second waveguide defined by a second plurality of posts formed in the waveguide layer and a second waveguide ridge positioned in between at least two opposing rows of the second plurality of posts;
a vertical waveguide coupled with the first waveguide and the second waveguide and extending through the waveguide layer, wherein the vertical waveguide is configured to direct electromagnetic waves between the first waveguide and the second waveguide, wherein the vertical waveguide comprises:
a first ridge extending through the waveguide layer; and
a second ridge extending through the waveguide layer; and
a transitional region operably coupled between the first waveguide and the vertical waveguide, wherein the transitional region is configured to facilitate redirection of electromagnetic waves from the first waveguide to the vertical waveguide, wherein the transitional region comprises a transitional ridge, and wherein the transitional region further comprises at least one of:
at least one step in a height of the transitional ridge; and
at least one offset region in which the transitional ridge extends away from a direction of the vertical waveguide such that at least one of the first ridge and the second ridge of the vertical waveguide is not aligned with a portion of the first waveguide ridge adjacent to the transitional region.
11. The antenna module of claim 10 , wherein the transitional ridge is contiguous with and operably coupled with the first ridge of the vertical waveguide at a first end and is contiguous with and operably coupled with the first waveguide ridge at a second end opposite from the first end.
12. The antenna module of claim 10 , wherein the at least one step is positioned at a terminal end of the transitional ridge adjacent to the vertical waveguide.
13. The antenna module of claim 12 , wherein the transitional region further comprises a terminal tuning ridge positioned opposite from the vertical waveguide relative to the first waveguide.
14. The antenna module of claim 13 , wherein the terminal tuning ridge extends from the waveguide layer at a height that differs from a height of the transitional ridge.
15. The antenna module of claim 10 , wherein the at least one offset region comprises a straight offset portion extending from the vertical waveguide at an acute angle.
16. The antenna module of claim 15 , wherein the transitional region further comprises a tuning section positioned in between the offset region and the vertical waveguide, wherein the tuning section is at least one of angled and stepped relative to the straight offset region.
17. The antenna module of claim 16 , wherein the transitional ridge comprises a first step coincident with at least a portion of the first ridge of the vertical waveguide and a second step between the straight offset portion and the tuning section.
18. The antenna module of claim 17 , wherein the first step comprises an abrupt step.
19. The antenna module of claim 17 , wherein the tuning section is both angled and stepped relative to the straight offset portion.
20. An antenna module, comprising:
an antenna block comprising a first waveguide on a first side of the antenna block and a second waveguide on a second side of the antenna block; and
a vertical waveguide extending through the antenna block and operably coupled with the first waveguide and the second waveguide to facilitate guidance of electromagnetic waves between the first waveguide and the second waveguide, the vertical waveguide comprising at least one vertical ridge protruding from an opening formed in the antenna block; and
a transitional waveguide positioned on the first side of the antenna block and operably coupled to the first waveguide and the vertical waveguide, wherein the transitional waveguide is configured to facilitate redirection of electromagnetic waves from the first waveguide to the vertical waveguide, and wherein the transitional waveguide comprises:
a horizontal ridge at least partially defining the at least one vertical ridge of the vertical waveguide; and
a transitional ridge extending in a direction angled away from a direction from which the at least one vertical ridge extends from the opening.
21. The antenna module of claim 20 , wherein the transitional ridge extends along a curved line away from the direction from which the at least one vertical ridge extends from the opening.