Controlling the uniformity of PECVD deposition
A method and apparatus for plasma modifying a workpiece such as a syringe barrel, cartridge barrel, vial, or blood tube is described. Plasma is provided within the lumen of the workpiece. The plasma is provided under conditions effective for plasma modification of a surface of the workpiece. A magnetic field is provided in at least a portion of the lumen. The magnetic field has an orientation and field strength effective to improve the uniformity of plasma modification of the interior surface of the generally cylindrical wall. A vessel made according to the process or using the apparatus described above. A pharmaceutical package comprising the syringe barrel or vial containing a pharmaceutical preparation, secured with a closure.
1. A method of barrier coating a syringe, the method comprising:
providing a syringe barrel consisting essentially of thermoplastic material and having a lumen defined by a generally cylindrical inner surface, the inner surface having an axial length and an inner diameter defining an aspect ratio from 5:1 to 20:1;
introducing into the lumen
a precursor comprising HMSO, TMDSO, OMCTS, or a combination of two or more of these;
an oxidizing gas; and
optionally a diluent gas;
providing plasma in or near the inner surface under conditions effective for depositing a barrier layer of SiO x , in which x is from 1.5 to 2.9, on the inner surface by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD); and
at least part of the time while providing plasma, providing a magnetic field in or near the plasma, the magnetic field being provided by at least one magnetic field generator, the magnetic field having a position, orientation, and field strength effective to improve the uniformity of the barrier layer of SiO x on the inner surface;
wherein at least part of the time while providing plasma: the at least one magnetic field generator is rotated about the syringe barrel, the syringe barrel is rotated with respect to the at least one magnetic field generator, or both.
2. The method of claim 1 , in which the syringe is a cartridge.
3. The method of claim 1 , in which the syringe has a void volume in the lumen of from 0.5 to 3 mL.
4. The method of claim 1 , in which the magnetic field is provided by providing at least one magnetic field generator near the surface, each magnetic field generator having a north pole and a south pole defining a polar axis, in which at least part of the time while providing the magnetic field, at least one magnetic field generator has its polar axis generally parallel to the axis of the surface.
5. The method of claim 1 , in which at least part of the time while providing the magnetic field, at least two magnetic field generators are circumferentially distributed around the surface.
6. The method of claim 4 , in which at least two of the magnetic field generators are provided and at least two of the magnetic field generators are rotated about the surface, or the surface rotates with respect to the magnetic field generators, or both, during at least a portion of the plasma treatment.
7. The method of claim 4 , in which at least one magnetic field generator is a permanent magnet.
8. The method of claim 4 , further comprising, at least part of the time while providing the magnetic field, translating at least one of the magnetic field generators axially along the surface, or translating the surface with respect to the magnetic field generator, or both, at a rate effective to improve the uniformity of the vessel heating along the axis of the surface.
9. The method of claim 1 , in which at least part of the time while providing the magnetic field, at least a portion of the magnetic field in at least a portion of the lumen is oriented with its polar axis extending generally in radial planes with respect to the surface.
10. The method of claim 1 , in which the oxidizing gas comprises oxygen, nitrous oxide, water vapor, ozone, hydrogen peroxide or a combination of two or more of these.
11. The method of claim 1 , in which the oxidizing gas consists essentially of oxygen.
12. The method of claim 1 , in which a diluent gas is introduced into the lumen.
13. The method of claim 12 , in which the diluent gas comprises helium, argon, krypton, xenon, neon, nitrogen or a combination of two or more of these.
14. The method of claim 12 , in which the diluent gas consists essentially of argon.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising application of a pH protective coating by PECVD to the barrier coating, in which the pH protective coating consists essentially of SiO x C y , in which x is from about 0.5 to about 2.4 and y is from about 0.6 to about 3.
16. The method of claim 15 , in which the ratio between one standard deviation of coating thickness and mean coating thickness of the pH protective coating is from 0.69 to 0.05.
17. The method of claim 1 , in which the ratio between one standard deviation of coating thickness and mean coating thickness is from 0.69 to 0.05.
18. The method of claim 17 , in which the ratio is from 0.66 to 0.1.
19. The method of claim 7 , in which the ratio is from 0.66 to 0.2.
20. The method of claim 1 , in which the generally cylindrical inner surface of the syringe barrel has an axial length and an inner diameter defining an aspect ratio from 10:1 to 20:1.