System and method for fabricating and curing large composite structures
A system and method for fabricating large composite fuselages or other vehicle structures, in which the composite structure is fabricated and cured as on a tool, segmented and removed from the tool without disassembling the tool, and then reassembled off the tool to reform the large structure. The tool includes mandrel segments attached to a substructure. The attachments may be moveable to accommodate differential expansion and contraction during curing, and the tool may be rotatable to facilitate access. A composite material of resin and synthetic fibers is applied over the mandrel segments to fabricate the structure on the tool. Caul plates are secured over the composite material, and the composite material is cured on the tool. The resulting structure is cut into part segments which are then removed from the tool, and the part segments are joined to reassemble the large composite structure off the tool.
1. A method for fabricating and curing a large composite part, the method comprising:
supporting with a tool the large composite part during a fabrication process and a curing process, wherein the tool comprises:
a substructure, and
one or more mandrel segments removably attached to the substructure and providing a surface on which the large composite part is fabricated,
wherein the substructure is constructed of a first material having a first coefficient of thermal expansion and the one or more mandrel segments are constructed of a second material having a second coefficient of thermal expansion which is lower than the first coefficient of thermal expansion, and wherein the one or more mandrel segments are fixedly attached to the substructure at at least one location and movably attached to the substructure at at least one other location;
applying with an automated fiber placement machine a composite material comprising resin and synthetic fibers onto the one or more mandrel segments to fabricate the large composite part as a single piece on the tool;
curing with a curing mechanism the composite material on the one or more mandrel segments to cure the large composite part on the tool;
cutting with a cured material cutting mechanism the large composite part on the tool into a plurality of trimmed part segments which are then removed from the tool without disassembling the tool; and
joining with a reassembly mechanism the plurality of trimmed part segments to reassemble the large composite part off the tool.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the large composite structure is an aircraft fuselage which has a length of at least five meters.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more mandrel segments comprise one or more structure features creating one or more corresponding structure components in the large composite part.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more mandrel segments comprise grooves accommodating the cured material cutting mechanism when cutting the large composite part into the plurality of trimmed part segments.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more mandrel segments comprise joining features creating one or more corresponding joining components in the plurality of trimmed part segments which facilitate joining the plurality of trimmed part segments to reassemble the large composite part.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the curing mechanism comprises an autoclave;
the cured material cutting mechanism comprises a cutting disc; and
the reassembly mechanism comprises a fastener gun.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising securing one or more caul plates over the composite material on the one or more mandrel segments prior to curing the composite material.
8. A method for fabricating and curing a large composite aircraft fuselage which has a length of at least five meters, the method comprising:
supporting with a tool the large composite aircraft fuselage during a fabrication process and a curing process, wherein the tool comprises:
a substructure constructed of steel, and
at least two mandrel segments removably attached to the substructure by moveable attachments and providing a surface on which the large composite aircraft fuselage is fabricated, wherein the one or more mandrel segments comprise one or more structure features creating one or more corresponding stinger components in the large composite aircraft fuselage;
applying with an automated fiber placement machine a composite material comprising resin and synthetic fibers onto the one or more mandrel segments to fabricate the large composite aircraft fuselage as a single piece on the tool;
securing one or more caul plates over the composite material on the at least two mandrel segments;
cutting with an uncured material cutting mechanism the composite material on the at least two mandrel segments into a plurality of untrimmed part segments;
curing with an autoclave the composite material on the one or more mandrel segments to cure the large composite aircraft fuselage on the tool;
cutting with a cured material cutting mechanism the large composite aircraft fuselage on the tool into a plurality of trimmed part segments which are then removed from the tool without disassembling the tool; and
joining with a reassembly mechanism the plurality of trimmed part segments to reassemble the large composite aircraft fuselage off the tool.
9. A method for fabricating and curing a large composite part, the method comprising:
supporting with a tool the large composite part during a fabrication process and a curing process, wherein the tool comprises:
a substructure, and
a plurality of mandrel segments removably attached to the substructure and providing a surface on which the large composite part is fabricated;
applying with an automated fiber placement machine a composite material comprising resin and synthetic fibers onto the plurality of mandrel segments to fabricate the large composite part as a single piece on the tool;
cutting with an uncured material cutting mechanism the large composite part on the tool into a plurality of untrimmed part segments prior to the curing process;
curing with a curing mechanism the composite material on the plurality of mandrel segments to cure the plurality of untrimmed part segments on the tool;
cutting with a cured material cutting mechanism the plurality of untrimmed part segments on the tool into a plurality of trimmed part segments which are then removed from the tool without disassembling the tool; and
joining with a reassembly mechanism the plurality of trimmed part segments to reassemble the large composite part off the tool.