Electrolyte with embedded metal for solid oxide electrochemical devices
An electrolyte structure for use in a solid oxide electrochemical device includes a first solid electrolyte and a metal support embedded in the first solid electrolyte such that the first solid electrolyte forms an anode-facing layer that covers an anode-facing surface of the metal support, a cathode-facing layer that covers a cathode-facing surface of the metal support, and two opposing side layers that cover side surfaces of the metal support to form a continuous path around the metal support.
1. An electrolyte structure for use in a solid oxide electrochemical device, the electrolyte structure comprising:
a first solid electrolyte; and
a metal support embedded in the first solid electrolyte such that the first solid electrolyte forms an anode-facing layer that covers an anode-facing surface of the metal support, a cathode-facing layer that covers a cathode-facing surface of the metal support, and two opposing side layers that cover side surfaces of the metal support to form a continuous path around the metal support.
2. The electrolyte structure of claim 1 , wherein the first solid electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of doped bismuth oxide, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), scandia- and yttria-stabilized zirconia (ScYSZ), and scandia-, cesium- and yttria-stabilized zirconia (ScCeYSZ).
3. The electrolyte structure of claim 1 , wherein the metal support is stainless steel.
4. The electrolyte structure of claim 1 , wherein the metal support has a thickness between 10 μm and 2000 μm.
5. The electrolyte structure of claim 1 , wherein the anode-facing layer and the cathode-facing layer each have a thickness of between 0.1 μm and 20 μm, inclusive.
6. The electrolyte structure of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second solid electrolyte coated on the cathode-facing layer of the first solid electrolyte, the second solid electrolyte having a higher conductivity than the first solid electrolyte.
7. The electrolyte structure of claim 6 , wherein the second solid electrolyte is erbium-doped bismuth(III) oxide.
8. The electrolyte structure of claim 7 , wherein the first solid electrolyte is ScCeYSZ.
9. The electrolyte structure of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second solid electrolyte coated on each of the anode-facing layer, the cathode-facing layer and the two opposing side layers of the first solid electrolyte, the second solid electrolyte having a higher conductivity than the first solid electrolyte.
10. The electrolyte structure of claim 9 , wherein the first solid electrolyte is ScCeYSZ and the second electrolyte is La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3 (LSGM).
11. The electrolyte structure of claim 1 , wherein one or both of the anode-facing surface and the cathode-facing surface of the metal support is structurally modified to improve adhesion of the first solid electrolyte and increase surface area of the first solid electrolyte.
12. A solid oxide electrochemical device, comprising:
an anode comprising a porous solid anode support and an anode catalyst;
a cathode comprising a porous solid cathode support and a cathode catalyst; and
the electrolyte structure of claim 1 positioned between the anode and the cathode.
13. The solid oxide electrochemical device of claim 12 , wherein the metal support is stainless steel.
14. The solid oxide electrochemical device of claim 12 , wherein the first solid electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of doped bismuth oxide, YSZ, ScYSZ, and ScCeYSZ.
15. The solid oxide electrochemical device of claim 12 , wherein the electrolyte structure further comprises:
a second solid electrolyte layered between the first solid electrolyte and the cathode, the second solid electrolyte having a higher conductivity than the first solid electrolyte.
16. The solid oxide electrochemical device of claim 15 , wherein the second solid electrolyte is erbium-doped bismuth(III) oxide and the first solid electrolyte is ScCeYSZ.
17. The solid oxide electrochemical device of claim 12 , wherein the electrolyte structure further comprises:
a second solid electrolyte coated on all surfaces of the first solid electrolyte, the cathode- facing layer and the two opposing side layers of the first solid electrolyte, the second solid electrolyte having a higher conductivity than the first solid electrolyte.
18. The solid oxide electrochemical device of claim 17 , wherein the first solid electrolyte is ScCeYSZ and the second electrolyte is LSGM.
19. The solid oxide electrochemical device of claim 12 , wherein one or both of the anode-facing surface and the cathode-facing surface of the metal support is structurally modified to improve adhesion of the first solid electrolyte and increase surface area of the first solid electrolyte.
20. The solid oxide electrochemical device of claim 12 , further comprising:
an internal reforming catalyst layer on the anode opposite the electrolyte structure.