Continuous antenna arrays
A continuous antenna array includes a plurality of antenna elements whose opposing electrodes create an electric field that excites polarization currents in an enclosed dielectric. Each of the antenna elements comprises one or more stripline feeds configured to provide a flat form factor and apply a signal with controlled phase differences between the plurality of antenna elements.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of antenna elements comprising opposing electrodes to create an electric field exciting polarization currents in an enclosed dielectric, wherein
each of the plurality of antenna elements comprising
one or more stripline feeds configured to provide a flat form factor and apply a signal with controlled phase differences between each of the plurality of antenna elements; and
a drive mechanism comprising the one or more stripline feeds to provide the flat form factor, the one or more stripline feeds comprising a plurality of pins introduced along a side of the one or more stripline feeds providing a return path for currents in each of the plurality of antenna elements.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
one or more dielectric radiators in each of the plurality of elements touch at the edges and are parallel to polarization currents within the one or more dielectric radiators.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of antenna elements comprising:
a polarization dielectric configured to emit radiation, and
an antenna body composed of a first piece and a second piece of dielectric.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the one or more stripline feeds are micro-stripline feeds.
5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the first piece and the second piece are separate and positioned by the polarization dielectric and the drive mechanism.
6. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein a dimension of at least one of the plurality of antenna elements is half of a wavelength of a central transmission frequency, and a width of the at least one of the plurality of antenna elements varies from one percent to up to forty percent of the wavelength.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein a lower limit of the width is limited by a minimum width of the one or more stripline feeds.
8. The apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising:
a cut-out existing in a space between the first piece and the second piece, wherein the cut-out provides a discrete stepping in impedance for a better match of a radio frequency (RF) power from the drive mechanism to the polarization dielectric.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the first piece providing an electrode comprises one or more additional small steps underneath the second piece towards the drive mechanism.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the space is filled with a light low epsilon dielectric to insulate the second piece from the drive mechanism, the drive mechanism being enveloped by a grounded shielding.
11. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the first piece is plated on all faces except for side walls, and the second piece is plated on all faces except for the side walls, wherein
side faces of the first piece and the second piece are where neighboring antenna elements touch in an array arrangement.
12. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein, to prevent shorting between the second piece in neighboring antenna that can be under different potential due to element-to-element phasing differences, the second piece has a chamfer or blend along touching edges to provide a small break in the plating surfaces.
13. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the polarization dielectric provides volume where polarization currents are generated, and radiation strength and characteristics of the array are determined by a total volume of the polarization dielectric.
14. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the first piece and the second piece are placed on top of printed circuit boards (PCBs), and
an element dielectric piece sits on a thin dielectric sheet for insulation underneath second piece.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , further comprising:
an electric shield underneath the dielectric sheet configured to RF-seal a top of the drive mechanism.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the first piece is spaced at a predefined distance to provide feeding gaps.
17. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the first piece and the second piece are terminated with copper plating connected to a ground piece.
18. The apparatus of claim 14 , further comprising:
a strip line at an entrance to a space is connected by a pin to the second piece, thereby forcing current flow to cross the polarization dielectric as a displacement current to close the current flow.
19. An apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of antenna elements comprising opposing electrodes to create an electric field exciting polarization currents in an enclosed dielectric, wherein
each of the plurality of antenna elements comprising:
one or more stripline feeds configured to provide a flat form factor and apply a signal with controlled phase differences between each of the plurality of antenna elements;
each of the plurality of antenna elements comprising:
a polarization dielectric configured to emit radiation,
an antenna body composed of a first piece and a second piece of dielectric, and
a drive mechanism comprising the one or more stripline feeds to provide the flat form factor; and
a dimension of at least one of the plurality of antenna elements is half of a wavelength of a central transmission frequency, and a width of the at least one of the plurality of antenna elements varies from one percent to up to forty percent of the wavelength.