Antibodies that modulate immunity to drug resistant and latent MTB infections
The invention is directed to compositions and methods for stimulating, enhancing or modulating the immune system of a patient before or after infection by a pathogen, and in particular multidrug resistant (MDR) MTB and extremely drug resistant (XDR) MTB. Compositions of the invention contain non-naturally occurring antigens that generate an effective cellular and/or humoral immune response to MTB and/or antibodies that are specifically reactive to MTB antigens. The greater activity of the immune system generated by a vaccine of the invention increases generation of memory T cells that provide for a greater and/or extended response to an MTB infection. Responses involve an increased generation of antibodies that enhance immunity against MTB infection and promote an enhanced phagocytic response. Monoclonal antibodies produced by the non-naturally occurring antigens enhance phagocytosis and killing of mycobacteria by phagocytic cells, enhance clearance of MTB from the blood and modulate immunity and cytokine responses.
1. An antibody that binds to a drug-resistant Mycobacterium organism, wherein:
the antibody binds to an epitope of an antigen of the drug-resistant Mycobacterium organism;
the organism has been killed by chemical treatment, heat treatment, alcohol treatment, glutaraldehyde treatment, sonication, or a combination thereof; and
the epitope is chemically or physically altered as a result of being killed as compared with the naturally occurring epitope.
2. The antibody of claim 1 , wherein the drug-resistant Mycobacterium organism comprises Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) or Mycobacterium smegmatis (MS).
3. The antibody of claim 2 , wherein the antigen comprises a surface antigen, an internal antigen, a heat shock protein, a composite peptide, a fusion peptide, a CRM-MTB or CRM-MS peptide conjugate, or synthetic peptide sequence.
4. The antibody of claim 1 , that promotes phagocytosis and killing of cells infected with multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium organisms.
5. The antibody of claim 1 , that promotes phagocytosis and killing of cells infected with extremely drug resistant Mycobacterium organisms.
6. The antibody of claim 1 , which is an IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG or IgM, or isolated Fab or Fc portions.
7. The antibody of claim 1 , which is derived from or is a recombinant form of a human antibody, a mouse antibody, a mouse-human chimera, or a fully or partly humanized from a non-human antibody.
8. A hybridoma that expresses the antibody of claim 1 .
9. A vaccine for the treatment of an infection caused by drug-resistant Mycobacterium organisms comprising the antibody claim 1 .
10. The antibody of claim 1 , wherein the antigen comprises peptidoglycan, mycolic acid, or lipoarabinomannan.
11. The antibody of claim 1 , which clears drug-resistant Mycobacterium organisms from the blood of an infected mammal.
12. The antibody of claim 1 , which modulates immunity to the drug-resistant Mycobacterium organisms.
13. The antibody of claim 1 , which generates a humoral and/or cellular immune response when administered to a mammal that includes generation of memory T cells.
14. A composition comprising the antibody of claim 1 and an antibiotic.
15. An antibody that binds to a drug-resistant Mycobacterium organism, wherein:
the antibody binds to an epitope of an antigen on the surface of the drug-resistant Mycobacterium organism;
the organism has been killed by chemical treatment, heat treatment, alcohol treatment, glutaraldehyde treatment, sonication, or a combination thereof; and
the surface of the Mycobacterium organism is chemically or physically altered as a result of being killed.
16. The antibody of claim 15 , wherein the drug-resistant Mycobacterium organism comprises Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) or Mycobacterium smegmatis (MS).
17. The antibody of claim 16 , wherein the antigen comprises a surface antigen, a heat shock protein, a composite peptide, a fusion peptide, a surface CRM-MTB or surface CRM-MS peptide conjugate, or synthetic peptide sequence of a surface protein.
18. The antibody of claim 15 that promotes phagocytosis and killing of cells infected with multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium organisms.
19. The antibody of claim 15 that promotes phagocytosis and killing of cells infected with extremely drug resistant Mycobacterium organisms.
20. The antibody of claim 15 , which is an IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG or IgM, or isolated Fab or Fc portions.
21. The antibody of claim 15 , which is derived from or is a recombinant form of a human antibody, a mouse antibody, a mouse-human chimera, or a fully or partly humanized from a non-human antibody.
22. A hybridoma that expresses the antibody of claim 15 .
23. A vaccine for the treatment of infection cause by drug-resistant Mycobacterium organisms comprising the antibody of claim 15 .
24. The antibody of claim 15 , wherein the antigen comprises peptidoglycan, mycolic acid, or lipoarabinomannan.
25. The antibody of claim 15 , which clears drug-resistant Mycobacterium organisms from the blood of an infected mammal.
26. The antibody of claim 15 , which modulates immunity to the drug-resistant Mycobacterium organisms.
27. The antibody of claim 15 , which generates a humoral and/or cellular immune response when administered to a mammal that includes generation of memory T cells.
28. A composition comprising the antibody of claim 15 and an antibiotic.