Methods for separating components

1. A method for separating components through a distillation column comprising:

providing a process stream comprising hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and water;

passing the process stream into the distillation column at a bottom portion of the distillation column;

fractionally distilling the process stream in the distillation column forming an overhead vapor stream, a middle fluid stream, and a bottoms liquid stream;

removing the middle fluid stream from a middle location of the distillation column;

removing the bottoms liquid stream from the distillation column; and

removing the overhead vapor stream from the distillation column;

wherein the middle fluid stream comprises a first portion of the carbon dioxide and a first portion of the hydrocarbons; and

wherein the bottoms liquid stream comprises a second portion of the hydrocarbons as a first phase and substantially all the water as a second phase.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the process stream further comprises hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, or combinations thereof.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the process stream is a liquid and passing the process stream into the distillation column causes a portion of the liquid to flash to a vapor.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the process stream is a mixture of a liquid phase and a vapor phase and passing the process stream into the distillation column directs the liquid phase to a reboiler and the vapor phase up the distillation column.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bottom portion of the distillation column is below all packing materials or trays.

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising physically separating the first phase and the second phase.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the second phase is a solid.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein physically separating the first phase and the second phase comprises passing the bottoms liquid stream through a solid-liquid separator.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the solid-liquid separator comprises a screw-filter press.

10. The method of claim 6 , wherein a solvent is added to the process stream, the solvent being miscible and mixing with the second phase and depressing a freezing point of the second phase such that the water and the solvent are a liquid.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the solvent is a water miscible polar molecule selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and combinations thereof.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein physically separating the first phase and the second phase comprises allowing the bottoms stream to gravity separate and removing the first phase by decanting the first phase from the second phase.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the middle fluid stream is a liquid stream.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the middle fluid stream is a gas stream.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein fractionally distilling the process stream in the distillation column further comprises operating a condenser at a top portion of the distillation column and a reboiler below the bottom portion of the distillation column.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the condenser is operated within 5° C. above the freezing point of the overhead vapor stream.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein carbon dioxide is present in the middle fluid stream at a concentration of at least 98 wt % and contains at least 90 wt % of the carbon dioxide from the process stream.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the process stream is passed into the distillation column above a required reboil temperature such that the distillation column acts as a rectifying column.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the distillation column is a packed column.

20. The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining the distillation column at a pressure at most 3 bar below supercritical pressure.