Apparatuses and methods for implementing a sliding thermal interface between substrates with varying coefficients of thermal expansion
Systems and methods include an integrated circuit assembly that includes a semiconductor substrate; a heat transfer element; and an ambulatory thermal interface arranged between the semiconductor substrate and the heat transfer element, the ambulatory thermal interface comprising: a thermally conductive material, and a friction reduction material, wherein: the thermally conductive material is arranged along a surface of the heat transfer element, the friction reduction material is arranged along a surface of the semiconductor substrate, opposing surfaces of the thermally conductive material and the friction reduction material define a slidable interface when placed in contact.
1. An integrated circuit assembly comprising:
a semiconductor substrate;
a die lithographically formed along a first broad surface of the semiconductor substrate;
a heat transfer element; and
an ambulatory thermal interface arranged between the semiconductor substrate and the heat transfer element, the ambulatory thermal interface comprising:
(i) a thermally conductive material bonded to a surface of the heat transfer element, and
(ii) a solid friction reduction material bonded to a second broad surface of the semiconductor substrate opposing the first broad surface,
wherein
opposing surfaces of the thermally conductive material and the solid friction reduction material define a slidable interface when placed in contact.
2. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 1 , wherein:
a first surface of the thermally conductive material is mated with the surface of the heat transfer element,
a first surface of the solid friction reduction material is mated with the second broad surface of the semiconductor substrate,
a second surface of the thermally conductive material that is opposite the first surface of the thermally conductive material defines a free surface of the thermally conductive material,
a second surface of the solid friction reduction material that is opposite the first surface of the solid friction reduction material defines a free surface of the solid friction reduction material, and
the free surface of the thermally conductive material and the free surface of the solid friction reduction material define the slidable interface.
3. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 1 , wherein:
the thermally conductive material comprises an indium-based material, and
the solid friction reduction material comprises a polytetrafluoroethylene-based material.
4. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 1 , wherein
a shear yield strength of the thermally conductive material is equal to or above a shear yield strength of the heat transfer element and below a threshold value of the shear yield strength.
5. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a mating layer that is interposed between the thermally conductive material and the surface of the heat transfer element,
wherein the mating layer comprising a material distinct from the thermally conductive material.
6. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 1 , wherein
the solid friction reduction material comprises polytetrafluoroethylene having a thickness that is three hundred nanometers or less.
7. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 1 , wherein
a thermal conductivity (k) value of the thermally conductive material is greater than a thermally conductivity value of an air gap.
8. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 1 , wherein
a coating of the solid friction reduction material is disposed continuously along the second broad surface of the semiconductor substrate.
9. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 1 , wherein
a coating of the solid friction reduction material is disposed discontinuously along the second broad surface of the semiconductor substrate thereby forming gaps between deposits of the coating.
10. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 1 , wherein
the solid friction reduction material includes a material having a lower coefficient of friction value than an opposing surface of the thermally conductive material.
11. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 1 , wherein
the solid friction reduction material comprises one of aluminum magnesium boride and diamond-like carbon.
12. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 1 , wherein
the thermally conductive material comprises one of thermal grease, thermal adhesives, thermal gap fillers, thermally conductive pads or sheets, and thermal tape.
13. An integrated circuit assembly comprising:
a heat source comprising: a semiconductor body and a die lithographically formed with the semiconductor body;
a heat dissipater;
a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate, the heat source arranged between the PCB substrate and the heat dissipater;
a compliant layer compressed between the PCB substrate and the heat source;
a sliding thermal interface interposed between the heat source and the heat dissipater, the sliding thermal interface comprising:
(i) a thermally conductive material arranged along a surface of the heat dissipater;
(ii) a friction reduction material is-arranged along a surface of the heat source;
(iii) opposing surfaces of the thermally conductive material and the friction reduction material define a slippery interface that enables a relative movement between the thermal conductive material and the friction reduction material when in contact, wherein the thermally conductive material elastically deforms when in contact with the friction reduction material based on a compressive loading of the compliant layer.
14. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 13 , wherein
the thermally conductive material and the friction reduction material slide at the slippery interface based on an expansion or a contraction of one or more of the heat source and the heat dissipater.
15. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 13 , wherein
the thermally conductive material comprises indium-based material, and
the friction reduction material comprises a polytetrafluoroethylene-based material.
16. An integrated circuit assembly comprising:
a wafer-scale semiconductor substrate;
a plurality of die lithographically formed along a first broad surface of the wafer-scale semiconductor substrate;
a circuitry layer, formed along the first broad surface of the wafer-scale semiconductor substrate, comprising a plurality of inter-die connections that communicatively connect die of the plurality of die;
a circuit board;
a compliant connector arranged along the first broad surface of the wafer-scale semiconductor substrate and communicatively connecting the circuit board to each of the plurality of die;
a heat transfer element; and
an ambulatory thermal interface arranged between the wafer-scale semiconductor substrate and the heat transfer element, the ambulatory thermal interface comprising:
(i) a solid friction reduction material,
wherein:
(a) a first surface of the solid friction reduction material opposes a surface of the heat transfer element,
(b) a second surface of the solid friction reduction material is arranged along a second broad surface of the wafer-scale semiconductor substrate opposing the first broad surface,
(c) the first surface of the solid friction reduction material and the surface of the heat transfer element define a slidable interface when placed in contact.
17. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 16 , wherein
the solid friction reduction material includes a material having a lower coefficient of friction value than the surface of the heat transfer element.
18. The integrated circuit assembly according to claim 16 , wherein
a coating of the solid friction reduction material is disposed continuously along the second broad surface of the wafer-scale semiconductor substrate.