Multi-layer, multi-steering antenna system for autonomous vehicles

1. A multi-layer, multi-steering (MLMS) antenna array, comprising:

a superelement antenna array layer comprising a plurality of superelement subarrays, wherein each superelement subarray of the plurality of superelement subarrays includes a plurality of radiating slots radiating a transmission signal;

a power divider layer coupled to the superelement antenna array layer and configured to serve as a feed to the superelement antenna array layer, the power divider layer being coupled to a plurality of phase shifters configured to apply tunable phase shifts to transmission signals propagating to the superelement antenna array layer; and

a transition layer coupled to the power divider layer and configured to couple the power divider layer and the superelement antenna array layer to the plurality of phase shifters through a plurality of transition structures.

2. The MLMS antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the transition layer is further coupled to a connector, the transition layer further configured to couple the transmission signal from a transmission signal controller to a printed circuit board that enables a transmission of the transmission signal to the power divider layer.

3. The MLMS antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the superelement antenna array layer further comprises an antenna layer, a stiffener layer and a power routing layer, and wherein:

the stiffener layer is disposed on the antenna layer,

the antenna layer is disposed on the power divider layer,

the power divider layer is disposed on the power routing layer, and

the power routing layer is disposed on the transition layer.

4. The MLMS antenna array of claim 3 , wherein the transition layer comprises a matching circuit and a transition module that couples the matching circuit to a transmission line that feeds to the antenna layer.

5. The MLMS antenna array of claim 1 , further comprising:

a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) layer comprising the plurality of phase shifters, wherein the RFIC layer includes a plurality of transition structures that couple the power divider layer to the RFIC layer and from the RFIC layer to the superelement antenna array layer.

6. The MLMS antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the power divider layer includes a power divider circuit that has a first section with a M:N power split from the connector to the plurality of phase shifters on the RFIC layer and a second section with N transmission lines connected to the first section via the plurality of transition structures, where M and N are positive integers.

7. The MLMS antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the power divider layer is a corporate feed structure having a plurality of transmission lines transmitting the signal to superelement subarrays in the superelement antenna array layer.

8. The MLMS antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the power divider layer includes a reactance control module configured to apply the tunable phase shifts to transmission signals propagating to the superelement antenna array layer.

9. The MLMS antenna array of claim 8 , wherein the reactance control module includes a radio frequency integrated circuit having one or more of a varactor, a network of varactors, or a phase shift network to apply the tunable phase shifts in a range of 0 degrees to 360 degrees.

10. A radar system for use in an autonomous driving vehicle, comprising:

an antenna module configured to radiate a transmission signal with a multi-layer,

multi-steering (MLMS) antenna in a plurality of directions based on different phase shifts and to generate radar data capturing a surrounding environment of the autonomous driving vehicle, the MLMS antenna comprising:

a superelement antenna array layer comprising a plurality of superelement subarrays, wherein each superelement subarray of the plurality of superelement subarrays includes a plurality of radiating slots radiating a transmission signal,

a power divider layer coupled to the superelement antenna array layer and configured to serve as a feed to the superelement antenna array layer, the power divider layer being coupled to a plurality of phase shifters configured to apply tunable phase shifts to transmission signals propagating to the superelement antenna array layer, and

a transition layer coupled to the power divider layer and configured to couple the power divider layer and the superelement antenna array layer to a plurality of phase shifters through a plurality of transition structures; and

a perception module configured to detect and identify a target in the surrounding environment from the radar data and to control the antenna module.

11. The radar system of claim 10 , wherein the transition layer comprises a matching circuit and a transition module that couples the matching circuit to a transmission line that feeds to the superelement antenna array layer.

12. The radar system of claim 10 , wherein the transition layer is further coupled to a connector, the transition layer configured to couple the transmission signal from a transmission signal controller to a printed circuit board that enables a transmission of the transmission signal to the power divider layer.

13. The radar system of claim 10 , wherein the superelement antenna array layer comprises a coupling aperture layer, a slot array layer, and an antenna layer, wherein the coupling aperture layer and the slot array layer correspond to two conductive layers and the antenna layer corresponds to a dielectric layer interposed between the two conductive layers, and wherein the slot array layer is disposed on the antenna layer and the antenna layer is disposed on the coupling aperture layer.

14. The radar system of claim 13 , wherein the coupling aperture layer comprises a plurality of coupling apertures for feeding radiating signals from the feed network layer into superelements in the superelement antenna array layer, wherein coupling apertures of the plurality of coupling apertures are oriented at a non-orthogonal angle about a centerline, and wherein the coupling aperture layer comprises a contiguous portion of copper material adjacent to the plurality of coupling apertures.

15. The radar system of claim 10 , wherein the antenna module comprises a stiffener layer that provides structural support to the MLMS antenna.

16. A multi-layer, multi-steering (MLMS) antenna system, comprising:

a connector and a transition layer configured to receive a transmission signal from a transmission signal controller;

a power divider layer coupled to the connector and the transition layer, the power divider layer comprising a power divider circuit configured to receive the transmission signal and propagate the transmission signal through an array of transmission lines;

a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) layer comprising a plurality of phase shifters configured to apply tunable phase shifts to the transmission signal; and

an antenna layer comprising an array of superelements including a plurality of radiating slots,

wherein the power divider layer and the antenna layer are coupled to a plurality of phase shifters through a plurality of transition modules that increase a frequency response of the transmission signal at the antenna layer.

17. The MLMS antenna system of claim 16 , wherein the RFIC layer includes a plurality of transition structures that couple the power divider layer to the RFIC layer and from the RFIC layer to the antenna layer.

18. The MLMS antenna system of claim 16 , further comprising a transition layer comprising a plurality of transition structures, wherein the transition layer couples the plurality of phase shifters from the RFIC layer to the antenna layer with the plurality of transition structures.

19. The MLMS antenna system of claim 18 , wherein the transition layer comprises a matching circuit and a transition module that couples the matching circuit to a transmission line that feeds to the antenna layer.

20. The MLMS antenna system of claim 18 , further comprising a stiffener layer and a power routing layer, and wherein:

the stiffener layer is disposed on the antenna layer,

the antenna layer is disposed on the power divider layer,

the power divider layer is disposed on the power routing layer, and

the power routing layer is disposed on the transition layer.